Outline of the review methodology

Reviews of integrity in education systems are designed to support governments and stakeholders with evidence and analysis of the policy failures that provide education participants with incentives and opportunities to engage in malpractice – in behaviours such as cheating, undue recognition of achievement, misappropriation of funds, and favouritism in staffing. They understand malpractice in education as originating in factors that create incentives for problematic behaviour by participants in education, and that open an opportunity for that behaviour, and together result in malpractice, or integrity violations (OECD, 2012 Milovanovitch, 2013, 2015).