Variations in Students' Exposure to and Familiarity with Mathematics

Students’ exposure to mathematics varies within countries even more than between countries. This chapter first explores how access to mathematics content varies by socio-economic status and other student characteristics, such as gender, immigrant background and attendance at pre-primary school. It then analyses the extent to which school- and system-level factors – including student sorting and teaching resources and practices – can produce segregation in opportunities to learn mathematics based on students’ socio-economic status.