Introduction

Environmental resources and services are vital contributors to economic growth and people’s well-being. This is particularly the case in developing countries, where natural resources sectors (agriculture, mining, forestry, fisheries and nature-based tourism) often are the engines of economic growth. It is estimated that natural capital accounts for 26% of total wealth in low-income countries, compared to only 2% in industrialised countries (OECD, 2008a). The condition of soil, water, forests and fisheries therefore has a direct impact on commercial and subsistence activities, as well as on livelihoods. The natural resource base is also an important source of employment and income for the poor, and provides a valuable safety net, providing supplementary income and food in times of crisis.