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Trends Shaping Education 2019 is designed to support long-term strategic thinking in education. It provides an overview of key economic, social, demographic and technological trends and raises pertinent questions about their impact on education. This book fills an important need: decision makers and practitioners in education often have only anecdotal or local information on the megatrends that play out in their context; too often they do not have solid facts in front of them, especially about trends.
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Our world is becoming more global and interconnected. Economic growth has lifted many people out of poverty, yet challenges remain, and education has an important role to play. This chapter explores these issues through five perspectives:Shifting economic power – focuses on the dramatic economic growth of Asian countries and the resulting expansion of the global middle class.A global marketplace – looks at our increasingly intertwined markets, aided by rapidly expanding air transport and global exports of goods and services.Mobility in a global world – presents trends in international mobility, migration and remittances.The e-planet – highlights global consumption patterns and the growing problem of electronic waste.New players, new game? – illustrates the important role innovation plays in the knowledge economy, using examples from the clean energy sector and Artificial intelligence (AI).The global trends highlighted in this chapter are then linked to education. All of education is explored, from early childhood education and care to lifelong learning. The chapter ends with a look at how using different versions of the future can help us better prepare for the unknown.
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The nation-state is responsible for ensuring the well-being of its citizens. Education has an important role to play in improving civic and social participation and fostering democratic citizenship. This chapter explores these issues through five lenses:Private vices, public benefits? – focuses on the growing income gap and rising levels of tax avoidance.The rule of the people – contrasts decreasing civic engagement in voting and the increasing importance of online news and media. The nation-state in a complex world – looks at the role of the nation in both a global and local world, with the examples of referendums for secession and the growing interconnectedness of cities. Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité – illustrates the important role governments can play in legislating for equality, using examples of immigrant minorities and gender quotas.Rurality in the 21st century – highlights two challenges facing rural areas: a changing economic landscape and population shifts.The democracy trends highlighted in this chapter are then linked to education, from early childhood education and care to lifelong learning. The chapter ends with a look at how using different versions of the future can help us better prepare for the unknown.
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In an increasingly borderless and connected world, OECD countries are facing ever more complex security challenges. Education has an important role to play in building awareness to prevent security risks and strengthening resilience in times of crisis. This chapter explores these issues through five themes:Personal and health security – explores a positive trend and a negative trend: the increasing safety on our roads and the decreasing effectiveness of antibiotics.Cyber security – illustrates the rapidly growing number of cyber security incidents and the rising importance of privacy and security experts in a digital world.National security – highlights the decline of nuclear testing and traditional war between countries, as well as ongoing internal conflicts.Environmental security – emphasises the importance of environmental protection by examining the worldwide rise in natural disasters and the consequences of air pollution. Economic security – examines job market insecurity with the trends of increasing household debt and expected earnings loss due to unemployment.The security trends highlighted in this chapter are then linked to education, from early childhood education and care to lifelong learning. The chapter ends with a look at how using different versions of the future can help us better prepare for the unknown.
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Healthier seniors are living and working longer and our concept of “elderhood” is changing accordingly. These developments invite reflection about the role of education, so often seen as primarily for the young. This chapter explores these issues through five lenses:Ageing societies – examines trends in increasing life expectancy and life expectancy in good health.The picture of health – highlights threats to well-being in the elderly, including the increase in rates of dementia and more individuals living alone.Active elders – discusses the implications of ageing societies for pension systems and labour markets.The silver economy – looks at the new economic opportunities and skills needs created by an older population with more disposable income.The digital age(s) – illustrates the increasing digitalisation of the life of older adults, bringing with it new opportunities as well as new threats.The ageing trends highlighted in this chapter are then linked to education, with a special focus on lifelong learning. The chapter ends with a look at how using different versions of the future can help us better prepare for the unknown.
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Our modern world has evolved, with changes to jobs, families, gender roles and expectations for how we live our lives. This chapter explores these issues through five different perspectives:The connected economy – focuses on the increasing economic relevance of mobile digital communications combined with the rise of freelance work through online platforms.Gender at work – presents trends on gender equality with a focus on wage gaps and flexible parental leave policies.Changing families – looks at how families have changed in the 21st century, with the example of births out of wedlock and the prohibition of corporal punishment.When virtual becomes reality –explores how digitalisation has created virtual lives and made them real, and in so doing changed access and ownership of goods and services.Ethical consumption – illustrates the important role our buying behaviour plays in achieving sustainability, with examples of electric cars and meat consumption.The trends highlighted in this chapter are then linked to education. All of education is explored, from early childhood education and care to lifelong learning. The chapter ends with a look at how using different versions of the future can help us better prepare for the unknown.