Japan's debt is the highest in the OECD, pushing up debt service costs
Japan has faced low growth, rising government debt, large deficits and deflation
Key macroeconomic indicators show a mixed picture
Inflation fell during 2014
Japan's potential GDP growth rate has fallen sharply since 1990
Increasing female employment can help avoid looming labour supply shortages
Japan's well-being performance lags behind in a number of dimensions
Japan's farm workforce is elderly: the age distribution of rice farmers in 2010
The corporate sector has high cash reserves and falling returns on assets
Japan ranks low in some areas of its national science and innovation systems (2014)
Small firms in Japan are relatively old
Venture capital investment as a share of GDP is relatively low in Japan
The number of bankruptcies in Japan has fallen since 2008 despite two crises
Carbon intensity of the energy mix
Japan's government debt is the highest but interest payments on the debt are low
The gap between government expenditure and revenue remains huge
Simulations of gross government debt as a share of GDP
Public social spending has been rising sharply in line with population ageing
Japan faces a problem of high poverty
The impact of taxes and transfers on income inequality and poverty is weak in Japan
There are large income gaps between regular and non-regular workers
The monetary base is rising rapidly under quantitative and qualitative easing
Quantitative and qualitative easing has reduced interest rates across the yield curve
While stock prices have risen to their levels in the 1990s, land prices have continued to decline
Inflation expectations have increased
The yen has depreciated considerably since 2012
Living standards in Japan are well below the top half of the OECD
Average labour productivity growth in Japan is below the OECD average
Japan's share of world exports has been falling during the past 20 years
Terms-of-trade losses are putting downward pressure on gross national income
Falling export prices are the key factor for Japan's terms-of-trade losses
Long-term trends in Japan's manufacturing sector
International comparison of trends in manufacturing
The productivity gap between manufacturing and non-manufacturing has widened sharply
Japan's corporate sector has a saving surplus and large cash holdings
Investment in knowledge-based capital
Return on assets have fallen, while return on equity is relatively low
Shareholder composition of Japanese companies
Impact of the stringency of regulation on resource allocation
International comparison of product market regulation in 2013
Japan's services trade restrictiveness index by sector
The Producer Support Estimate for Japan is the second highest in the OECD
Total factor productivity growth and business R&D intensity
Comparative performance of national science and innovation systems in 2014
Government support for business-sector R&D is low in Japan
Trend of venture capital investment in Japan
Breakdown of investors in newly-established venture capital funds in Japan
Share of the population that views entrepreneurship as a good career choice is low in Japan
School education does not provide the skills for entrepreneurship in Japan
Loans to small and medium-sized enterprises
Credit guarantees for SMEs in Japan are exceptionally high
Large firms in Japan are relatively old
Japan's fiscal situation has deteriorated over the past 20 years with the increase of social spending
Japan faces a problem of high poverty and social cohesion
Debt service and social security accounts for more than half of the FY 2015 budget
Japan's tax and benefit system transfers income from young to old
Japan's tax and social security burden is relatively low
Japan's consumption tax should be raised further while keeping a single rate
An earned income tax credit can offset the regressive impact of raising the consumption tax rate
Japan's tax wedge is high for low-income households
The spouse income deduction mainly benefits higher-income individuals
Reducing income deductions would lower the tax burden on low-income households
Consumption is higher in households receiving pension income
Japan's corporate income tax rate is still among the highest in the OECD
The average effective tax rate on energy use in Japan is still low compared to Europe
Public social spending in Japan is concentrated in health and elderly-related outlays
Trends in pension benefit levels
Health spending has increased due to ageing and more intensive care
Pharmaceutical consumption per capita is high in Japan, reflecting less use of generic drugs
Long-term care expenditure has more than doubled in 12 years
The Basic Livelihood Protection Programme provides generous in-kind and cash benefits