Key macroeconomic indicators

Comparing major downturns in Austria

Elevated tensions in financial markets

Increased economic linkages with CEE

Limited prior build-up of financial imbalances

Despite strong growth, Austria has lost some ground since the early 1990s

Developments in productivity and labour utilisation

Productivity growth has been fairly strong in recent years

Trade-oriented manufacturing has been very dynamic

R&D and innovation activities have expanded considerably

The performance of services continues to lag

Regulatory and competition reforms have advanced

Labour utilisation differs across groups

Low-skilled workers fare poorly in the labour market

Unit labour costs have been kept under control

Sectoral minimum wage floors may be too high

Labour tax wedges for low-skilled workers are among the highest OECD-wide

Immigrant populations and their educational attainment

Effective taxation of the low-skilled in employment transitions

Effective taxation of a low-skilled second earner taking up work

Public spending in Austria

Taxes in Austria

Graduation rates from upper secondary education are high

The vocational core of the system is strong and successful

Yearly spending per student is high

Total education spending remains average due to composition effects

Direct private funding of education remains very marginal

Student achievement is average in international comparison

The gap is particularly disappointing with regard to the invested resources

Average results are held back by a large group of underperformers

Results are better than implied by their high dispersion

The impact of socio-economic backgrounds on student achievements is particularly high

Student achievments are very uneven between school types

University graduation rates are low

Graduation rates in science and engineering are particularly low

Factors keeping tertiary enrolment low

Intergenerational mobility is particularly

Immigrants' underperformance in education

Low student achievements are not due to the underperformance of immigrants

Distribution of class sizes

Distribution of school sizes