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OECD countries received about 5.3 million new permanent migrants in 2018, a 2% increase on 2017, according to preliminary data. Since 2015, European OECD countries have collectively received more permanent migrants than the United States. Nevertheless, the United States remains the largest single destination country for migrants, followed by Germany.
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This chapter provides an overview of recent developments in international migration in OECD countries. After a brief review of developments in migration flows in 2018, based on preliminary data, it provides a detailed analysis of the trends in permanent migration from 2007 to 2017, by country and category – migration for work, for family or humanitarian purposes, and migration within free movement areas. The next section addresses temporary migration for work purposes, including seasonal workers, intra-company transferees, posted workers, trainees and working holidaymakers. The chapter then examines international student mobility and recent trends in asylum requests in OECD countries. It then looks at the composition of migration flows by gender and by country of origin, the evolution of the size of foreign-born populations, and trends in the acquisition of nationality across OECD countries. The chapter concludes with a section on policies, covering the main 2017‑18 changes made to migration management frameworks.
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This chapter examines the labour market outcomes of migrants during the period 2007‑18. Particular attention is given to the evolution of the labour market outcomes of recently arrived migrants and of all immigrants’ job quality in a context of global economic recovery, as well as high recent migration flows, notably humanitarian ones. The second part of this chapter discusses recent changes in integration policies in OECD countries, with a special focus on how migrants integrate into their host country’s labour market.
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This chapter addresses the impact of temporary migration on the host country labour market. It provides the first estimation of the additional labour contributed in full-year equivalent by temporary migrants to the employed population in 20 OECD countries. The chapter covers all forms of temporary migration, such as temporary labour migrants, international students, participants in cultural exchange programmes, service providers, accompanying families of temporary labour migrants, free-movement migrants and even cross-border workers.
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This chapter investigates if migrants’ long‑term integration outcomes are affected by delays in family reunification. The integration outcomes of both principal migrants and the spouses who reunite with them are considered. The chapter provides new empirical evidence for a range of OECD countries and discusses potential reasons why delays in family reunification influence integration outcomes such as wages, employment, and language proficiency. It also explores the effect that age at arrival can have on the integration outcomes of migrant children as well as the role played by the presence of migrants’ parents. The chapter concludes by highlighting implications for policies regulating family reunification.This work was supported by Germany’s Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth.
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