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This report Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2016 is the 29th in the series of OECD reports that monitor and evaluate agricultural policies across countries, and the fourth report to include both OECD countries and a set of emerging economies. The present report includes countries from six continents, including the 34 OECD countries and the seven non-OECD EU member states, as well as nine emerging economies: Brazil, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Russia, South Africa, Ukraine and Viet Nam.
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Producer Support Estimate (PSE): The annual monetary value of gross transfers from consumers and taxpayers to agricultural producers, measured at the farm gate level, arising from policy measures that support agriculture, regardless of their nature, objectives or impacts on farm production or income. It includes market price support, budgetary payments and budget revenue foregone, i.e. gross transfers from consumers and taxpayers to agricultural producers arising from policy measures based on: current output, input use, area planted/animal numbers/receipts/incomes (current, non-current), and non-commodity criteria.
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This report covers OECD countries and a range of emerging economies that account for the majority of global agricultural value added. These 50 countries differ in terms of the importance of agriculture in their economies, the structure and orientation of the sector, and the natural resource endowment on which agricultural production relies. To varying degrees, these countries all face the same opportunities and challenges: responding to growing demand for food and non-food uses of agricultural commodities; using available land, water and biodiversity resources more sustainably; adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate change; and coping with often unpredictable supply, demand and policy shocks.
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The key economic and market developments which provide the framework for the implementation of agricultural policies are analysed in the first part of this chapter. Highlights are then presented of the main recent changes and new initiatives in agricultural policies in 2015-16 in OECD countries and key emerging economies covered in this report. Then the developments in the estimated support (using the OECD Producer Support Estimate methodology) are evaluated in terms of its level, composition and changes over time in OECD countries and the emerging economies included in this report.
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