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In 2008, the OECD and the European Union jointly launched the EU 15 Project to assess the capacities for effective regulatory management across the EU through individual reviews of 15 member states. Since then, however, new challenges have emerged. There has been a significant erosion of people’s trust in institutions, and citizens are increasingly sceptical about the capacity of governments to address a growing number of concerns, including rising inequalities, migration flows, climate change and the disruption caused by new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence. These challenges, along with the regulatory uncertainty caused by Brexit, put increasing pressure and demands on the EU and its member states as they seek to make regulations work better for their citizens.
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The data presented in this report, including the composite indicators, are the results of the 2014 and 2017 indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance (iREG) surveys, and their extension to the five EU Member States that are not OECD member countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Note by Turkey: The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”.Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. Malta, and Romania.
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Almost a decade after the OECD reviewed the better regulation practices in 15 EU countries, this report presents an up-to-date analysis of the use of core regulatory policy tools across all 28 EU Member States and the European Union. In 2017, both the European Union and EU Member States show a strong overall political commitment to regulatory reform. All EU Member States have adopted regulatory policies promoting government-wide regulatory reform, covering various areas of regulatory governance. Regulatory policy in the European Union progressed under the better regulation agenda, which played a crucial role in shaping the current Commission’s regulatory processes.
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In the European Union (EU), regulatory policy was advanced under the better regulation agenda, which played a crucial role in shaping the current Commission’s regulatory processes. At the same time, many EU Member States recognised better regulation as an important part of an effective public governance. This chapter explores the history and recent developments of the EU better regulation agenda and presents an overview of the 2018 Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance results for all EU Member States and the European Union. It also covers the application of individual EU Member States’ regulatory management tools to EU‑made laws and regulations. It concludes by providing information on the institutional setup for regulatory oversight and different oversight functions currently carried out across EU Member States.
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Engaging with those concerned and affected by regulations is fundamental to improve the quality of regulations, to strengthen public trust in government and to enhance compliance with regulations. This chapter discusses the stakeholder engagement practices in each EU Member State and the European Union based on the results of the 2018 Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance. It assesses the use of stakeholder engagement in all EU Member States at various stages of policy development, on their own regulatory proposals as well as those of the European Commission. The chapter also addresses the communication tools currently used by EU countries when engaging with stakeholders and whether stakeholders receive feedback on how their comments were taken into account.
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Regulatory impact assessment (RIA) is a key tool for policy makers to decide on whether and how to regulate to achieve public policy goals. RIA assists policy makers in identifying the most efficient and effective policy before making a decision. The use of RIA has expanded over the past 30 years across EU countries. This chapter analyses the EU’s and EU Member States’ use of RIA and explores how EU Member States consider various options and impacts when conducting RIA. It also includes a discussion of the application of individual Member State’s RIA requirements to regulatory proposals of the European Commission.
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Only after laws have entered into force can governments assess their full effects and their impacts on the society. Many of the features of an economy or society of relevance to particular regulations will change over time, so even regulations that are fit for purpose may become outdated over time. To ensure that regulations remain appropriate, countries should regularly review their stock of existing regulations. Ex post evaluation of regulations however remains relatively undeveloped among OECD members and many EU countries. This chapter assesses the use of ex post evaluations across all EU Member States and the European Union. It discusses how EU countries use different approaches to ex post evaluation as well as whether EU Member States have a sound methodology for ex post evaluation in place. It concludes by providing information on the entities that typically prepare ex post evaluations, as well as how stakeholders can be involved.
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The 2017 Regulatory Indicators Survey is structured around the areas of good practices described in the 2012 Recommendation(OECD, 2012). It supported the collection of data on the content of regulatory policies, as well as on the requirements and practices of countries in the areas of: stakeholder engagement, regulatory impact assessment and ex post evaluation (see details of the survey structure in ).
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