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Governance frameworks are fundamental for enabling economic integration and securing free trade. While free trade contributes to prosperity and helps lift millions out of poverty, globalisation also creates vulnerabilities that can be exploited by criminal networks at the expense of public safety, human rights and environmental resources. Such vulnerabilities enable, among other forms of trafficking, the global scourge that is the illegal wildlife trade, which erodes natural resources and undermines the long-term viability of ecosystems and diversity. The consequences of this trade are thus particularly dire for poorer rural communities in source and transit countries.
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This chapter offers a background on IWT, highlighting the impact of these crimes from an international perspective. This section highlights the scale of IWT in the region and historical trends that underline the importance of conducting this study. Finally, the chapter outlines the methodology of the report.
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This chapter conducts an analysis of the wildlife management and conservation authorities’ structures, and the enforcement and corruption gaps across the focus countries. This section also highlights the risks and vulnerabilities in the criminal justice system and the gaps in public accountability that may lead to heightened risks from corruption.
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This chapter provides a supply-chain perspective on corruption, focusing on corruption risks along the source and transit points of illegal wildlife products. The report highlights where the corruption risks are highest and what regional variations exist across focus countries that enable such risks.
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This chapter provides a summary of the existing interventions against IWT employed by the various public authorities working on anti-corruption in the focus countries. The report highlights the existing strengths and best practices identified in the four countries. It also notes the common gaps that require further attention to mitigate corruption risks.
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