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This chapter defines teacher policies and the scope of this report. It then presents the main findings about the variation and effectiveness of teacher policies based on analyses of data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and related databases. It concludes by outlining the implications for education policy and practice.
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This chapter explores PISA data to establish relationships between the success of education systems and schools in PISA and their teacher policies. The first section focuses on variation across countries, and explores system-level aspects that are common, and in some cases, unique, to high-performing countries and economies. The second section focuses on variations within countries and across time, and explores how changes in student-teacher ratios, class size, teacher compensation, and school autonomy for selecting teachers are related to performance trends across all PISA-participating countries and economies. The last section focuses on variations within countries, and explores how teachers’ qualifications and experience, teacher turnover, and support for teachers’ professional learning are related to school-level outcomes.
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This chapter aims to contribute a first-of-its-kind comparative assessment of teacher sorting across schools and its relation to equity in education. It first describes, from an international comparative perspective, how teacher resources, both in quantity and quality, are distributed across more- or lessadvantaged schools. It then examines the relationships between indicators of inequity in teacher sorting and inequality in student performance. After identifying the patterns of teacher sorting that are more strongly associated with higher levels of equity, the chapter examines which teacher policies might lead to more equitable education systems.
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This chapter examines the characteristics of 15-year-old students who expect to work as teachers, and how these changed between 2006 and 2015. It also explores how the number and type of students who aspire to a career in teaching relates to teachers’ salaries, the social status of the teaching profession in the country, and teachers’ working conditions.
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