Trends in the demand for skills: Germany, United States and Japan
Comparing countries' and economies' performance in problem solving
Problem-solving performance among participating countries/economies
Proficiency in problem solving
Top performers in problem solving
Variation in problem-solving performance within countries and economies
Performance differences among high- and low-achieving students
Average performance in problem solving and variation in performance
Total variation in problem-solving performance and variation between and within schools
Between-school differences in problem-solving performance, mathematics performance and socio-economic status