Population ageing is already well advanced in Japan and will progress further

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Later retirement by older people would reduce the decline in Japan's labour force

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Japan already has some of the highest participation rates for older people among OECD countries

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Impacts of contribution extension and deferred pensionable age on pension replacement rate as of 2058

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Many workers become non-regular employees after reaching 60 years old

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Most firms have kept retirement age at 60

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Seniority wages remain dominant in Japan

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Seniority based pay are negatively correlated with retention of older workers

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Older workers face large wage declines

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The Japanese wage system has gradually shifted from its traditional seniority pay system

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More firms are determining wages based on job duties than age and tenure

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Worker age profiles by occupation differ across countries

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Japan has relatively strong protections for permanent workers

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Increasing pension age has increased the chances of workers staying in the labour market

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Skill levels of older (55-65) and younger (25-34) people

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Literacy and numeracy skills of Japanese decline steeply at older ages

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Skill use at work by older (55-65) and prime-age (25-54) workers

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Participation in job-related training is higher for employed than for unemployed and decreases with age

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Participation in on-the-job and off-the-job training decreases with age

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Temporary workers and employer-sponsored training

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Work-related training by skill level, 2012 and 2015

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Unemployment rate by broad age group and gender, Japan and the OECD

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Unemployment by age and duration, Japan and the OECD

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Reasons for wanting to change job, by broad age groups and gender

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Reasons for inactives wishing to work but not searching employment

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Despite more than doubling public spending on active labour market programmes over the past decade, Japan has one of the lowest expenditures among OECD countries in 2016

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Public expenditure over the past decade on institutional training across OECD countries

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Top occupations male workers wish to find and those found by age

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Top occupations female workers wish to find and those found by age

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Job quality indicators in selected countries

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Trends in working hours for selected OECD countries

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Workers with very long working hours by age and sex

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Number of accident insurance payments

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Effects of working hours and other work-life factors on mental health

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Older workers are less likely to supervise colleagues, use planning and influencing skills

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Effects on workplace factors, working hour and wage on older workers' job satisfaction

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Trend of number of workers leaving jobs due to long-term family nursing care

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Share of older entrepreneurs has increased, while persons who wish to start a business has decreased

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