Change between 2009 and 2018 in what and why students read

Percentage of 15-year-olds covered by PISA

Overall exclusion rate from the PISA sample

Grade distribution of students in the PISA sample

Average performance in reading and variation in performance

Reading performance and coverage of the population of 15-year-olds in the PISA sample

Mean reading performance and per capita GDP

Reading performance and spending on education

Reading performance and total learning time per week

Reading performance in PISA and educational attainment amongst 35-44 year-olds