GDP per capita in various years based on Maddison 1990 and ICP 2011 PPPs

GDP per capita in various years based on Maddison 1990 and the multiple benchmark (PWT) approach

Historical series of GDP per capita for China using alternative benchmark PPPs

Comparing GDP per capita estimates based on the three PPP approaches with independent benchmarks

GDP per capita in the United States relative to the United Kingdom, 1850-1950

Average working hours in manufacturing across world regions, 1870-2010

Hours of work and GDP per capita since 1820

Hours of work and GDP per capita since 1820 (graph)

Social transfer in seven countries, 1820-2016

Types of social expenditures, average of 13 OECD countries, 1910-2010