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This report Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2019 is the 32nd in the series of OECD reports that monitor and evaluate agricultural policies across countries, and the seventh report to include both OECD countries and a set of emerging and developing economies. The present report includes countries from all six continents, including the 36 OECD countries and the five non-OECD EU Member States, as well as twelve emerging economies: Argentina, Brazil, People’s Republic of China, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Kazakhstan, the Philippines, the Russian Federation, South Africa, Ukraine and Viet Nam.
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In 2016-18, the agricultural policies of the 53 countries covered in this report provided a total of USD 705 billion (EUR 620 billion) per year to their agricultural sectors. About three-quarters of this support, USD 528 billion (EUR 465 billion) per year, was transferred to individual producers. At the same time, six countries, in particular Argentina and India, taxed their agricultural producers using measures that depressed the domestic price of some commodities. These implicit taxes amounted to USD 83 billion (EUR 73 billion) per year in 2016-18, which when deducted from the gross positive transfers, resulted in net transfers to agricultural producers of USD 445 billion (EUR 392 billion) per year. While lowering the level of aggregate support, these implicit taxes also increase overall market distortions. This report presents recent policy developments and support estimates across all OECD countries, the European Union and twelve emerging and developing economies, including, for the first time, Argentina and India, thus raising the report’s coverage to almost three-quarters of global agricultural gross value-added.
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The key economic and market developments which provide the framework for the implementation of agricultural policies are analysed in the first part of this chapter. The next part presents the main recent changes and new initiatives in agricultural policies 2018-19 in OECD countries and key Emerging Economies. Then the developments in the estimated support (using the OECD Producer Support Estimate methodology) are evaluated in terms of its level, composition and changes over time in the OECD countries and Emerging Economies included in this report. The chapter also focuses on the sustainability performance of agriculture.
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