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This report examines the opportunities of enhancing access to and sharing of data (EASD) in the context of the growing importance of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. It discusses how EASD can maximise the social and economic value of data re-use and how the related risks and challenges can be addressed.
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Current developments related to data-driven innovation, including in the context of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, have madedata access and sharing more crucial than ever. Evidence presented in this report shows how enhancing access to and sharing of data (EASD) can help maximise the social and economic value of data re-use. It can increase the value of data to the data holder, and even more so to secondary data users, with additional positive spill-over benefits for country economies and society at large.
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This introductory chapter explains the importance of data access and sharing in the context of current technological developments. It points to barriers to data access, sharing and re-use and some of the issues further discussed in the following chapters. It concludes by presenting the objective of the report and an overview of its structure.
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This chapter introduces the concept of enhanced access to and sharing of data and its various degrees of openness. The chapter then examines the different approaches and strategies available to policy makers and business leaders when aiming at establishing data-governance frameworks that do enough justice to important specificities but are comprehensive enough to be coherently applicable across application areas. To this end, the chapter highlights the factors that need to be taken into account including data typologies, key data-access mechanisms and the main types of actors and their roles.
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This chapter presents the available evidence of the direct and indirect economic and social benefits of data access and sharing. It then analyses the different types of benefits in more details. These include greater transparency and empowerment of users, new business opportunities, competition and co-operation within and across sectors and nations, crowdsourcing and user-driven innovation, and increasing efficiency.
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This chapter describes the major challenges facing policy makers when enhancing access to and sharing of data. These include balancing its benefits and risks, strengthening users’ trust and making it easier for them to share and re-use data, and creating data market incentives and sustainable business models.
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This chapter assesses current trends in policies aimed at enhancing data access and sharing. It is based on two country surveys including a total of 205 policy initiatives across 37 countries. Four priority areas are revealed through the analysis of these policy initiatives and are presented in this chapter: i) enhancing access to and sharing of public-sector information/ data; ii) facilitating data sharing within the private sector; iii) increasing data analytic capacities across society; and iv) developing national data strategies.