Economic growth recovered strongly
The gender gaps in income persist
Large emission reductions are needed
The economy recovered rapidly, but growth is now slowing
Inflation has peaked but remains high
Monetary policy has tightened significantly
Declines in asset prices have been orderly
Nominal consumption has remained strong
Commodity prices have fallen following a surge due to the war in Ukraine
Asia-Pacific is the core bilateral trading region
Strong labour demand has led to a tight labour market
Debt servicing ratios are high by international standards
Corporate insolvencies have risen but remain below pre-pandemic levels
The banking sector is well capitalised and non-performing loans are low
The federal fiscal deficit is anticipated to re-emerge in coming years
The National Disability Insurance Scheme is pushing up federal government spending
The federal government structural budget balance is anticipated to widen in the short-term
Public debt has risen in some states
Fiscal costs will rise as the population ages
State government finances are vulnerable to rising health costs
Commodity price fluctuations have significant implications for public finances
Preventive health spending is low
Indigenous Australians continue to experience much worse outcomes in key areas
Goods and services taxes account for a lower share of the tax mix
The GST rate is low and there are significant exemptions
Superannuation is much more lightly taxed than some other savings vehicles
GDP per capita growth has slowed
Slower productivity growth has coincided with weakening intangible investment
The share of the working age population will decline
The migrant share has steadily risen
The relative performance of Australian students has slipped
Employer’s satisfaction with vocational education courses has fallen
There is scope for further reform of licensing and reducing regulatory complexity
Licensing of personal services is relatively strict but less so for professional services
Detached housing is more common than in most other countries
Australia ranks among peer countries in indicators of corruption
Australia is in line with comparable countries on tax transparency
Gender differences in wellbeing outcomes exist along many dimensions
Women in Australia are highly educated
Women are more likely than men to report being sexually harassed
Most Australians believe the government has a responsibility to promote gender equality
The gender labour income gap arises from the extent, intensity and rewards from work
Female labour participation has increased substantially
There remains scope to further increase female participation
The gap in employment rates with the native-born population is larger for women born overseas
Employment rates are especially low for single mothers
Poverty rates are very high in single parent households
Many women in Australia work part-time
Childcare is a significant reason for women working part-time
The narrowing in the gender wage gap has slowed
Women are still underrepresented at the most senior ranks
Women are more likely to experience discrimination by employers
The gender wage gap increases over the life cycle
Gender segregation is apparent across occupations and industries
Second earners in a household are usually female
The tax and transfer system imposes very high marginal effective tax rates on single parents
Women receive a lower share of the benefits from many tax expenditures
Women now account for a much larger share of JobSeeker recipients
Low childcare enrolment rates partly reflect high out-of-pocket childcare costs
High childcare costs contribute to a high disincentive rate for second earners
The duration and rate of leave for mothers is low
The duration and rate of father-specific parental leave is low
Relatively few women are studying and working in STEM fields
Remote working has increased more for women
Australia is among the highest emitters of greenhouse gases in the OECD
Energy, transport and agriculture account for a large share of emissions
Projected net emissions fall short of reduction targets
Carbon pricing has been limited in Australia
Support for different climate policies varies greatly
The share of renewable electricity generation has risen but more progress is needed
Announced retirements of coal-fired generators are not consistent with climate goals
Public spending on energy RD&D is low in Australia
Fugitive emissions are projected to rise
Australia is a major energy exporter
Emissions from industrial processes will remain high
Electricity and natural gas dominate energy consumption in industry
Transport is projected to be the largest source of emissions in Australia by 2035
The energy intensity of Australian vehicles needs to come down significantly to achieve climate targets
Agricultural emissions are largely driven by livestock methane emissions
Composition of the Australia’s agriculture producer support estimate
The residential sector needs to be further electrified
Residential energy consumption by end-use
Spending on training policies is low
As electricity generation shifts to renewables, employment in renewable energy will soar, while it will fall significantly in coal, oil and gas-powered electricity generation
Employment in brown industries is highly concentrated geographically
North Australia is especially exposed to climate hazards
Australia is among the countries with the highest exposure to wildfire risks
Insurance premiums are particularly high in the hazard-prone North