This paper presents an application to Ecuador of a computable general equilibrium model with a financial component, following the lead of F. Bourguignon, W. Branson and J. de Melo. Their macro-micro model was introduced in Technical Paper No.1 "Macroeconomic Adjustment and Income Distribution. A Macro-micro Simulation Model".

The authors first review the crisis of the Ecuadorian economy, the stabilization programmes that were implemented by governments and the economic effects of these programmes. Then the model and the corresponding data base are presented and used to perform three dynamic simulations. In the first case, there is no adjustment; in the second simulation, all public expenditures are reduced by the same percentage; and in the third simulation, the annual growth in money supply is reduced. For each simulation, the authors display the effects on growth, imbalances and income distribution. Finally a sensitivity analysis has been undertaken in order to assess the impact ...

This paper presents the results of a survey of micro-enterprises undertaken in Ecuador and Jamaica. The purpose was to understand the relationships between these countries' institutional and legal regulations, the degree of compliance by firms and the impact of compliance on their performance (particularly growth). This enquiry was complemented with case studies of issues related to compliance with regulations.

Initially, the paper sets out to analyse the characteristics of the microenterprises surveyed and their type of insertion into product and factor markets. Afterwards, it describes the differences observed in the regulatory frameworks of the two countries, and explains the differences in the degree of compliance with the law on the part of small firms. The final part of the paper determines statistically the relative importance of the factors that influence firm registration and identifies their effects on the growth of micro-enterprises.

The initial process of registration ...

This paper is the second of four country case studies which is a part of a broader research programme addressing trade and structural adjustment issues in non-member economies which was conducted as a follow-up to Trade and Structural Adjustment: Embracing Globalisation (OECD, 2005) which identified policies for successful trade-related structural adjustment. This paper studies the trade liberalisation experience of Ecuador from the 1970s onwards. The report consists of 5 main sections; Section 1 provides the introduction, while section 2 provides an overview of Ecuador?s economic reforms from the 1970s onwards until the 2000s. Section 3 looks at the structural changes in the economy and trade dynamics behind the changes. Section 4 takes a closer look at structural adjustment in four sectors, the cut-flowers, processed tuna, cereals, and textiles and clothing. Section 5 concludes with lessons learnt. Ecuador provides a case of a country whose trade liberalisation and other structural reforms have led to mixed results. While trade liberalisation has improved resource allocations, macroeconomic instability, incomplete reforms, weak institutions and relatively restrictive (but also highly informal) labour markets have made it difficult for Ecuador to reap the full benefits of trade liberalisation.

This study provides a general analysis of economic relations between Spain, as a donor of official development assistance (ODA), and Ecuador, as a partner and recipient of development aid. It seeks to assess the potential (in)coherence between Spain’s foreign economic activities and the goals of development and poverty reduction that the Spanish government established for its relations with developing countries. Hence, the study's main aim is to determine whether the Spanish government as a whole (and not just Spanish co-operation) is coherent with Ecuador’s development and thus coherent with Spain’s policies on international development co-operation. We therefore analyse the links between the two countries through trade, international remittances, foreign direct investment (FDI) and external debt, from a development point of view. The secondary aim is to offer recommendations to help make Spain’s activities more coherent with development. One main challenge that arises is the lack of an institutional framework for a wider set of relations between the two countries. Although there is an institutional basis for international assistance acitivites, it does not cover other economic activities such as trade or investment projects. As a result, incoherences appear, such as the approval of ODA trade credit lines that are eliminated in debt cancellation agreements a few years later.