Japan has faced low growth, rising government debt and deflation
How's life in Japan? A mixed picture
Key macroeconomic indicators
Consumer price inflation has fallen since 2014
The upward trend of the yen during 2016 has been reversed
The gap between the growth of productivity and real wages is large in Japan
The minimum wage in Japan is relatively low
Evolution of macro-financial vulnerabilities since 2007
Real exports by type of goods
Quantitative and Qualitative Easing has sharply increased Japan's monetary base
Quantitative and Qualitative Easing has reduced interest rates across the yield curve
Asset price trends in Japan are improving
The Bank of Japan's holdings of domestic government bonds are high
Total working hours have declined as part-time employment has increased
Japan's population is declining and ageing
Increasing female employment can help limit the looming labour supply shortage
Productivity growth has slowed in Japan, as in most OECD countries, since the 1980s
Relative poverty in Japan has risen to a high level
Productivity at Japanese firms has diverged significantly during the past few decades
Labour income inequality is positively correlated with productivity disparities between firms
Annual firm exit and entry rates in Japan are low compared to other advanced countries
The share of entrepreneurs in Japan is low, especially among women
Productivity in small firms in Japan is low relative to large firms
Credit guarantees for SMEs in Japan are exceptionally large
Small firms in Japan tend to stay small
There is scope to align Japan's product market regulation with OECD best practice
R&D spending is concentrated in large manufacturing firms
The wage gap between regular and non-regular workers is large
Green growth indicators: Japan
Japan's government debt is the highest in the OECD but interest payments on the debt are low
Long-run simulations of the government debt ratio
Government projections show it failing to meet its fiscal targets
Sustained fiscal consolidation is needed to reduce and stabilise the government debt ratio
Government revenue has not kept up with rising expenditures
Elderly-related social spending is projected to rise further
The tax and transfer system redistributes income from the working-age to the elderly
Transfers and asset holdings support high levels of consumption among the elderly
The higher the number of beds, the longer are hospital stays, leading to greater health spending
Local government spending varies widely, influenced by ageing and population density
Japan's stock of public capital is exceptionally large
Japan's taxes on goods and services, and personal income are relatively low
The effective personal income tax rate on high earners is reduced by low rates on capital gains
Environmentally-related taxes in Japan are well below the OECD mean