Browse by: "2020"

The report provides a description and an assessment of the recent actions carried out by the Mexican government to enhance the quality of regulation and regulatory governance in the rail sector in Mexico. In particular, the report identifies and describes recent regulatory reforms in the rail sector; the progress in implementing OECD recommendations relative to rail regulation issued in 2017; the reforms that led to the Mexican Rail Regulatory Agency, as well as the legal powers granted. It also documents the current regulatory practices of this Agency. The reforms and practices are assessed against OECD principles and country experiences. Finally, the report provides recommendations for continuing the reform efforts.

D’ici 2050, l’Afrique devrait connaître le taux de croissance urbaine le plus rapide du monde. À cet horizon, les villes africaines devraient abriter 950 millions d’habitants supplémentaires. Cette croissance s’opère en grande partie dans les petites et moyennes agglomérations. La transition urbaine africaine est porteuse de grandes opportunités ; elle pose également d’importants défis. Les agglomérations urbaines africaines se développent le plus souvent sans bénéficier de politiques ou d’investissements à la hauteur de ces enjeux. L'aménagement et la gestion urbains sont par conséquent des enjeux de développement prioritaires. Comprendre l’urbanisation, ses moteurs, ses dynamiques et ses impacts est essentiel pour concevoir des politiques — locales, nationales et continentales — ciblées, inclusives et tournées vers l’avenir. Ce rapport, basé sur la base de données géospatiale Africapolis (www.africapolis.org) couvrant 7 600 agglomérations urbaines de 50 pays africains, analyse les dynamiques urbaines sous des angles historiques, politiques et environnementaux. Il couvre l'ensemble des strates du réseau urbain — des villes petites et intermédiaires aux métropoles. Il propose ainsi des options de politiques plus inclusives et ciblées qui intègrent les échelles locale, nationale et régionale du développement urbain en phase avec les réalités africaines.

Africa is projected to have the fastest urban growth rate in the world: by 2050, Africa’s cities will be home to an additional 950 million people. Much of this growth is taking place in small and medium-sized towns. Africa’s urban transition offers great opportunities but it also poses significant challenges. Urban agglomerations are developing most often without the benefit of policies or investments able to meet these challenges. Urban planning and management are therefore key development issues. Understanding urbanisation, its drivers, dynamics and impacts is essential for designing targeted, inclusive and forward-looking policies at local, national and continental levels. This report, based on the Africapolis geo-spatial database (www.africapolis.org) covering 7 600 urban agglomerations in 50 African countries, provides detailed analyses of major African urbanisation dynamics placed within historical, environmental and political contexts. Covering the entire distribution of the urban network — from small towns and secondary cities to large metropolitan regions — it develops more inclusive and targeted policy options that integrate local, national and regional scales of urban development in line with African realities.

La phase d'expansion actuelle, qui a commencé à la fin de 2012, est maintenant la plus longue que le Japon ait connue depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, même si ce n'est pas la plus rapide. La croissance de la production s'est redressée, passant d'un rythme annuel de 0.5 % au cours de la période 1997-2012 à 1.3 % depuis le lancement de l'« Abenomics », la stratégie économique du Premier ministre japonais Shinzo Abe. Parallèlement, la déflation persistante a cédé la place à une inflation positive, quoique faible, ce qui a contribué à hisser le taux de croissance nominale à un niveau de 1.7 %. Mesurée par habitant, la croissance de la production a convergé vers le rythme observé à l'échelle de l'ensemble de la zone OCDE.

Canada’s Constitution Act (1982) recognises three Indigenous groups: Indians (now referred to as First Nations), Inuit, and Métis. Indigenous peoples make a vital contribution to the culture, heritage and economic development of Canada. Despite improvements in Indigenous well-being in recent decades, significant gaps remain with the non-Indigenous population. This study focuses on four priority issues to maximise the potential of Indigenous economies in Canada. First, improving the quality of the statistical framework and the inclusion of Indigenous peoples in the governance of data. Second, measures to improve the fairness and transparency for how Indigenous peoples can secure land tenure and the use of tools and such as land use planning to use it to promote community economic development. Third, promoting entrepreneurship so Indigenous peoples can use assets and resources in ways that align with their objectives for development. Fourth, implementing an approach to governance that adapts policies to places, and empowers Indigenous institutions and communities.

Successfully managing and administering European Structural Investment Funds (ESIF) rests on the effective governance of the investment process, on the administrative capacity of Managing Authorities, and on the engagement of a diverse range of stakeholders, including beneficiaries. The OECD has developed an analytical framework with four dimensions – people management, organisational management, strategic planning, and framework conditions – to analyse the challenges and capacity gaps confronting Managing Authorities in the administration and management of these funds. Based on a pilot project with three national- and two regional-level Managing Authorities, the study identified a series of common challenges. These include being more strategic and innovative in how staff, processes and programmes are managed; managing the impact of framework conditions on stability and certainty in administrative and investment processes; and needing to ensure that capacity building among Managing Authorities and/or beneficiaries is undertaken at the appropriate scale. Capacity-building Roadmaps were built with each participant. This report recommends concrete actions for actors in the ESIF governance system to build and reinforce the administrative and investment management capacity of Managing Authorities throughout the EU. The findings can also benefit non-EU public actors in managing public investment.

L’économie a connu une croissance robuste au cours des cinq dernières années. En 2017, le taux de croissance a dépassé 4 % et ce rythme s’est maintenu en 2018. La croissance a d’abord été tirée par les exportations puis par l’investissement. À la faveur de l’embellie de l’emploi, la reprise a gagné les secteurs de la consommation privée et de l’investissement résidentiel, une tendance encore renforcée par la croissance à deux chiffres des salaires. Qui plus est, l’économie rencontre des contraintes de capacités croissantes, synonymes de hausse des importations et d’érosion de l'excédent de la balance courante.

This document provides guidance on using efficacy and crop safety data generated in other countries and regions (as well as from other sources) and evaluations conducted by other regulatory authorities. The document does not provide guidance on the generation of data itself or related scientific principles of data assessment or extrapolation but rather discusses broad principles that may be considered and possibly assist with minor use registrations.

Digital Government in Mexico discusses and assesses the efforts of the Mexican Government to build a stronger system of digital government under the Coordination of the National Digital Strategy of the Office of the President. It presents the key policy actions, achievements and co-ordination challenges, and looks at how policy objectives are implemented. The study examines the main initiatives for promoting digital inclusion, reinforcing public sector capacity, and achieving efficient public service design and delivery. This report also assesses the state of data governance, open government data and its strategic use, and the sharing of public sector data both within and beyond the public sector.

이 보고서는 OECD의 아시아/태평양 지역 사회지표에 대한 개요서인 한 눈에 보는 사회: 아시아/태평양의 네 번째 판이다. 이 보고서는 아태지역 국가들의 사회복지 현황에 대한 계량적 지표들을 제공하고 있다. 1장에서는 본 보고서를 소개하고 OECD 사회지표를 해석하는 데 도움이 되는 가이드를 제공한다. 2장은 아태지역 사회적 보호의 범위 확대와 미래에 관한 이슈에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이미 아태지역에는 사회적 보건적 지원을 제공하지 않는 일자리를 가진 노동자들이 많이 있다. 디지털화와 업무성격의 변화는 일자리의 감소로 이끌 뿐 아니라 숙련 노동자와 미숙련 노동자 사이의, 그리고 사회복지 서비스 접근 가능 노동자와 그러지 못한 노동자 사이의 경제적 불평등을 증가시킬 수 있다. 이러한 불평등의 심화는 가장 지원이 필요한 이들을 지원하는 사회정책을 개발하는데 있어 중요한 쟁점이 될 것이다. 또한 이 장에는 정책적 대응 방안을 제시하기 위하여 국가별 프로그램들을 예시로 수록하고 있다. 3장에서 7장까지의 각 장은 일반적 맥락, 자급 자족, 형평성, 건강 그리고 사회적 결속에 대한 각각의 지표를 제시한다.