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Universities’ entrepreneurship and innovative practices are burgeoning all over Italy. Some of these practices resonate at the international level while others have a local impact. Italian higher education faces some important challenges and actions need to be taken to unleash its full potential. Promoting the entrepreneurial and innovation agenda can help Italy improve the overall performance of the higher education system, and of individual universities, in all regions. The government has started providing a strategic support to engagement, which could catalyse Italy’s innovation capacity, human capital endowment, and well-being.
This review illustrates policy actions promoting the entrepreneurial and innovative activities in the Italian Higher Education System, and focuses on 11 case study universities. It discusses strategies and practices adopted by Italian higher education institutions to innovate, engage, and generate value for the society and the economy. This review is part of a series of national reports implementing the HEinnovate framework. HEinnovate is a guiding framework that the OECD and the European Commission have developed to promote the “entrepreneurial and innovation agenda” in higher education.
Data on government sector receipts, and on taxes in particular, are basic inputs to most structural economic descriptions and economic analyses and are increasingly used in economic comparisons. This annual publication gives a conceptual framework to define which government receipts should be regarded as taxes. It presents a unique set of detailed and internationally comparable tax data in a common format for all OECD countries from 1965 onwards.
Les données sur les recettes des administrations publiques, et sur le produit de la fiscalité en particulier, constituent la base de la plupart des travaux de description des structures économiques et d’analyse économique, et sont de plus en plus utilisées pour comparaisons internationales. Cette publication annuelle présente un cadre conceptuel dont le but est de définir les recettes publiques devant être assimilées à des impôts et de classifier les différentes catégories d’impôts. Elle constitue également un ensemble unique de statistiques fiscales détaillées et comparables au niveau international, utilisant une présentation identique pour tous les pays de l’OCDE depuis 1965.
Esta es la décima edición de la versión abreviada de la publicación titulada “Modelo de Convenio tributario sobre la renta y el patrimonio” publicada por primera vez en 1992 y actualizada periódicamente desde entonces. Esta versión abreviada incluye el texto del Modelo de Convenio tributario tal como podía leerse el 21 de noviembre de 2017 después de la adopción, por el Consejo de la OCDE, de la décima actualización. Las notas históricas incluidas en el volumen I de la versión íntegra, y los informes que sirven de antecedente y que se incluyen en el volumen II de la versión íntegra no se reproducen en esta versión.
La edición 2019 de las Perspectivas de empleo de la OCDE presenta nueva evidencia de los cambios en la estabilidad del empleo, el desempleo y la proporción de trabajos bien remunerados, asimismo analiza sus implicaciones en las políticas públicas con respecto a cómo la tecnología, la globalización, el envejecimiento de la población y otras megatendencias están transformando el mercado laboral de los países de la OCDE. El informe analiza cómo la regulación del mercado laboral debe utilizarse para extender los derechos y protecciones más allá de los trabajadores estándar, así como volver a equilibrar el poder de negociación entre empleadores y trabajadores. Examina cómo la negociación colectiva y el diálogo social pueden movilizarse para encauzar los retos emergentes en el mercado laboral, considerando el rol que desempeñan el gobierno, los actores sociales y las nuevas formas de organización colectiva. El papel del aprendizaje para adultos también se enfoca hacia los grupos más vulnerables. Finalmente, el informe evalúa los retos de las políticas de protección social, mostrando evidencia de las brechas de apoyo que afectan a los diferentes tipos de trabajadores y propone vertientes de reforma para preservar y fortalecer el papel fundamental de los sistemas de protección social.
The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. It provides the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student learning outcomes to date. Results from PISA indicate the quality and equity of learning outcomes attained around the world, and allow educators and policy makers to learn from the policies and practices applied in other countries. This is one of six volumes that present the results of the PISA 2018 survey, the seventh round of the triennial assessment. Volume I, What Students Know and Can Do, provides a detailed examination of student performance in reading, mathematics and science, and describes how performance has changed since previous PISA assessments.
The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. It provides the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student learning outcomes to date. Results from PISA indicate the quality and equity of learning outcomes attained around the world, and allow educators and policy makers to learn from the policies and practices applied in other countries. This is one of six volumes that present the results of the PISA 2018 survey, the seventh round of the triennial assessment. Volume II, Where All Students Can Succeed, examines gender differences in student performance, and the links between students’ socio-economic status and immigrant background, on the one hand, and student performance and well-being, on the other.
PISA – die Internationale Schulleistungsstudie der OECD – untersucht, was Schülerinnen und Schüler in den Bereichen Lesekompetenz, Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften wissen und wie gut sie dieses Wissen anwenden können. Sie ist die bisher umfassendste und genaueste internationale Erhebung der Lernergebnisse von Schülerinnen und Schülern. Die PISA-Ergebnisse geben Aufschluss über Bildungsqualität und Bildungsgerechtigkeit weltweit und gestatten es Pädagogen und politisch Verantwortlichen, aus der Politik und Praxis anderer Länder zu lernen. Dies ist der erste der sechs Bände, in denen die Ergebnisse von PISA 2018, der siebten Runde dieser im Dreijahresturnus durchgeführten Erhebung, vorgestellt werden.
Band I, Was Schülerinnen und Schüler wissen und können, enthält eine eingehende Analyse der Schülerleistungen in den Bereichen Lesekompetenz, Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften. Außerdem wird erörtert, wie sich diese Leistungen im Vergleich zu früheren PISA-Erhebungen verändert haben.
The OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. It provides the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student learning outcomes to date. Results from PISA indicate the quality and equity of learning outcomes attained around the world, and allow educators and policy makers to learn from the policies and practices applied in other countries. This is one of six volumes that present the results of the PISA 2018 survey, the seventh round of the triennial assessment. Volume III, What School Life Means for Students’ Lives, focuses on the physical and emotional health of students, the role of teachers and parents in shaping the school climate, and the social life at school. The volume also examines indicators of student well-being, and how these are related to the school climate.
This report updates the data published in the 2015 OECD Compendium of Agri-environmental Indicators to present a summary of the environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countries as of end-2015. It also includes new and innovative material to further strengthen its relevance as a reference document. In particular, the four thematic chapters each cover a targeted set of indicators for which data coverage is generally more consistent across time in OECD countries and that capture the main pressures agriculture exerts on the environment. The thematic chapters cover the following areas: the interlinked issues of land use, pesticides and farmland birds; ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions, the main air pollutants from agricultural activities; nitrogen and phosphorus balances, two indicators that signal air and water pollution; and water use and irrigation in agriculture.
经合组织 - 粮农组织第十六次联合版发布的《农业展望》提供了主要农产品、生物燃料和渔类的市场预测，以及拉丁美洲和加勒比地区面临的前景与挑战的特别章节。
在农产品供给强劲延续了几年后，大多数农产品国际价格有所下降。对于本展望中涵盖的几乎所有产品，由于生产率的增长持续高于需求增长，预计未来十年实际价格将保持或低于当前水平。国际贸易对越来越多的粮食进口国的粮食安全至关重要，也将成为出口地区的重要收入和生计来源，特别是拉丁美洲和加勒比地区，预计该区域将进一步增加其在全球农产品出口中的份额。
统计附件中预测结果和过去的趋势可以在http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr-outl-data-en上查询。
Cette édition 2019 de la publication Statistiques de l'OCDE sur les dépenses en recherche et développement dans l'industrie présente les dépenses de R-D ventilés par secteur secondaire et tertiaire. Les statistiques sont libellées en dollars des É-U courants et constants et portent sur 31 pays de l’OCDE et quatre économies non membres. La couverture d'ANBERD inclut plusieurs secteurs, couvrant notamment de nombreux secteurs de services. Les données sont déclarées selon la classification CITI révision 4. Cette publication est une source unique de données détaillées sur la R-D industrielle comparables au niveau international, ce qui en fait un outil irremplaçable pour l'analyse et la recherche économiques.
This 2019 edition of OECD Research and Development Expenditure in Industry provides statistical data on R&D expenditure broken down by industrial and service sectors. Data are presented in current and constant USD PPP values. Coverage is provided for 31 OECD countries and four non-member economies. The coverage of ANBERD includes multiple sectors, with extended coverage of service sectors according to ISIC Revision 4 classification. This publication is a unique source of detailed internationally-comparable business R&D data, making it an invaluable tool for economic research and analysis.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in the Netherlands as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in the United Kingdom as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.
This profile provides a concise and policy-relevant overview of health and the health system in Norway as part of the broader series of the State of Health in the EU country profiles. It provides a short synthesis of: the health status in the country; the determinants of health, focussing on behavioural risk factors; the organisation of the health system; and the effectiveness, accessibility and resilience of the health system.
This profile is the joint work of the OECD and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, in co-operation with the European Commission.