Browse by: "2011"
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L’Examen mutuel de l’efficacité du développement en Afrique : Promesses et Résultats, réalisé par la CEA-ONU et l’OCDE, apporte des réponses claires et précises aux quatre questions suivantes :
- Quels sont les principaux engagements souscrits par les pays africains et par leurs partenaires au développement ?
- Ces engagements ont-ils été respectés ?
- Quels sont les résultats obtenus à ce jour ?
- Quelles sont à présent les priorités pour l’avenir ?
Ce rapport examine comment l’ensemble de nos politiques peuvent être mises au service de nos objectifs communs en matière de développement. Il est centré sur les domaines qui requièrent une action collective de la communauté internationale tout entière et apporte un complément aux travaux récurrents sur l’efficacité de l’aide et le suivi des apports d’aide.
Nous posons deux hypothèses de départ. Premièrement, les politiques visant les différents domaines – depuis le commerce et l’investissement jusqu’à la fiscalité et la transparence fiscale, en passant par le gouvernement des entreprises, le changement climatique, la sécurité des ressources et la politique sociale – ont de profondes répercussions sur les chances de concrétisation des objectifs de développement durable. Deuxièmement, si ces politiques nécessitent une action de la part des gouvernements nationaux et des organisations régionales dans les pays développés aussi bien qu’en développement, elles requièrent également, compte tenu de l’interdépendance qui caractérise le monde actuel, une action collective de la communauté internationale tout entière.
Le rapport aborde 18 thèmes, s’articulant autour de quatre grands axes : croissance économique durable, gouvernance économique, environnement et sécurité des ressources naturelles, et société. Considérés dans leur ensemble, ces différents volets reflètent la mission de l’OCDE, qui consiste à promouvoir « des politiques meilleures pour une vie meilleure ». Chaque thème est organisé autour des trois sections suivantes :
- En quoi la coopération internationale est-elle importante pour le développement ?
- Où en sommes-nous et quelles sont les prochaines étapes ?
- Comment l’OCDE, de concert avec d’autres organisations/institutions internationales, peut-elle contribuer à la réalisation de ces objectifs ?
Les particuliers sont confrontés à des risques financiers de plus en plus variés, à commencer par ceux liés à leur régime de retraite. Parallèlement, la plupart des pays ont soit réduit, soit strictement limité les financements publics. Les produits d’assurance et de pensions privées jouent donc un rôle essentiel en matière de protection sociale et financière, alors même que le public peut méconnaître les risques auxquels il est exposé et ne pas avoir les compétences et les connaissances qui lui seraient utiles concernant l’assurance, les pensions privées et les produits proposés.
Le présent volume entend étudier ces questions d’actualité, encore inexplorées, dans le cadre du projet en cours de l’OCDE consacré à l’éducation financière. Après avoir passé en revue les principaux enjeux et présenté des solutions pratiques, cet ouvrage met en exergue les pratiques exemplaires que les pays de l’OCDE ont adoptées en vue d’améliorer l’éducation et la sensibilisation aux questions d’assurance et de pensions privées, ainsi qu’aux risques qui leur sont associés.
This review finds that Lombardy is the most prosperous region in Italy. Thanks to its economic diversity, it has demonstrated unusual resilience in the face of the global recession. But the region faces long-term challenges emerging from an ageing population, immigration and slow adaptation of practices and technologies that could enhance productivity.
How can Lombardy face stronger global competition? How can it attract and retain talent? How can Lombardy raise educational attainment and unleash the potential of its large university sector for local and regional development?
How can the government ensure that investment in education is equitable for different population groups? How can universities and colleges fuel local growth by developing relevant skills and improving educational attainment levels across the multi-ethnic, multi-religious population?
This publication is part of the series of OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions, and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them.
The Review of Competition Law and Policy in Israel was prepared as part of the process of Israel's accession to OECD Membership. The report describes the policy foundations, substantive competition law and enforcement experience, institutional structure as well as treatment of competition issues in regulatory and legislative processes. The review then examines these findings under three assessment themes: the current situation of competition policy and enforcement; the magnitude and direction of change in competition policy over the last 5-10 years; the extent of conformity with the particular OECD competition recommendations.
How can student assessment, teacher appraisal, school evaluation and system evaluation bring about real gains in performance across a country’s school system? This book provides, for Norway, an independent analysis from an international perspective of major issues facing the evaluation and assessment framework in education along with current policy initiatives and possible future approaches. This series forms part of the OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes
The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing.
The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention.
The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.
All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
En medio de una crisis financiera global, las economías de América Latina y el Caribe se encuentran en mejor posición para hacer frente a nuevos desafíos. La región debe aprovechar esta oportunidad para diseñar e implementar mejores políticas de desarrollo económico y social. Esto implica conciliar cambios estructurales, crecimiento e inclusión social. Para ello, los gobiernos de la región deben reducir las desigualdades en la distribución del ingreso, mejorar el acceso a los servicios públicos y a las oportunidades, y promover la diversificación de economías frecuentemente dependientes de la exportación de unos pocos productos primarios.
Mejorar la eficiencia de la administración pública es crucial para enfrentar estos desafíos de corto y largo plazo. El cambio decisivo solo se producirá si América Latina y el Caribe llevan a cabo reformas fiscales significativas que permitan asegurar los recursos necesarios para alcanzar los objetivos prioritarios del desarrollo. Los gobiernos de la región han identificado tres áreas fundamentales en las que se deben invertir recursos adicionales: educación, infraestructura e innovación y desarrollo productivo. Las tres tienen un gran potencial para aumentar la competitividad y la inclusión social. En cada una de ellas, se debe avanzar hacia administraciones públicas más eficientes y con capacidad de emprender con eficacia acciones estratégicas.
Índice de materias:
Capítulo 1: Panorama macroeconómico
Capítulo 2: Hacia una gestión pública para el desarrollo
Capítulo 3: La reforma de la política ?scal
Capítulo 4: Reformas en los sistemas educativos
Capítulo 5: Estado y reformas en las políticas públicas de infraestructura
Capítulo 6: Institucionalidad para la innovación y el desarrollo productivo
This book provides, for Australia, an independent analysis of major issues facing its educational evaluation and assessment framework, current policy initiatives, and possible future approaches. It shows how student assessment, teacher appraisal, school evaluation and system evaluation can bring about real gains in performance across Australia's school system.
This symposium proceedings examines three aspects of financial education: monitoring and evaluation, use of behavioral economics, and financial literacy and defined contribution pension plans.
This 2011 review of energy policy in Greece finds that increasing competition and reducing the role of the state in the energy sector should add efficiency and dynamism to the economy. This, in turn, should help generate self-sustained employment and prosperity for the country.
Reforming the electricity and gas markets is an economic and political imperative. In particular, regulatory authorities must be given the necessary power and independence to reduce the market power of dominant firms. Commendably, Greece adopted a law to this end in August 2011. The envisaged reforms are fundamentally sound and can help the economy grow. The government�fs key focus should now be on implementing this law in full without delay.
Greece has a large potential for wind and solar energy and is rightly determined to fulfill this potential. The renewable energy sector also provides opportunities for new industrial development, in particular if linked with R&D activities. To facilitate renewable energy projects, the government recently improved investment conditions significantly by increasing feed-in tariffs, shortening and simplifying the licensing procedures and introducing stronger incentives for local acceptance.
Greece�fs oil and gas sources are already well diversified. Gas use is projected to increase, as the country moves to decarbonise its coal-dominated power sector. Experience from IEA member countries has shown that enhancing energy efficiency can help improve energy security in a cost-effective way. This, in turn, can help mitigate climate change and deliver economic benefits.
How can student assessment, teacher appraisal, school evaluation and system evaluation bring about real gains in performance across a country’s school system? This book provides, for Sweden, an independent analysis from an international perspective of major issues facing the evaluation and assessment framework in education along with current policy initiatives, and possible future approaches. This series forms part of the OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes.
How can student assessment, teacher appraisal, school evaluation and system evaluation bring about real gains in performance across a country’s school system? This book provides, for Denmark, an independent analysis from an international perspective of major issues facing the evaluation and assessment framework in education, current policy initiatives, and possible future approaches. This series forms part of the OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes.
Études économiques de l'OCDE : Fédération de Russie 1995 examine les changements structurels, les évolutions économiques récentes et la politique économique de ce pays. Ce rapport étudie plus en détail le processus de décision économique, les aspects régionaux et le développement des marchés : privatisation, la structure du pouvoir dans les entreprises, concurrence et comportement des entreprises.
The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing.
The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention.
The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.
All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing.
The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention.
The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.
All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.
The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes is the multilateral framework within which work in the area of tax transparency and exchange of information is carried out by over 100 jurisdictions which participate in the work of the Global Forum on an equal footing.
The Global Forum is charged with in-depth monitoring and peer review of the implementation of the standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes. These standards are primarily reflected in the 2002 OECD Model Agreement on Exchange of Information on Tax Matters and its commentary, and in Article 26 of the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and its commentary as updated in 2004, which has been incorporated in the UN Model Tax Convention.
The standards provide for international exchange on request of foreseeably relevant information for the administration or enforcement of the domestic tax laws of a requesting party. “Fishing expeditions” are not authorised, but all foreseeably relevant information must be provided, including bank information and information held by fiduciaries, regardless of the existence of a domestic tax interest or the application of a dual criminality standard.
All members of the Global Forum, as well as jurisdictions identified by the Global Forum as relevant to its work, are being reviewed. This process is undertaken in two phases. Phase 1 reviews assess the quality of a jurisdiction’s legal and regulatory framework for the exchange of information, while Phase 2 reviews look at the practical implementation of that framework. Some Global Forum members are undergoing combined – Phase 1 plus Phase 2 – reviews. The ultimate goal is to help jurisdictions to effectively implement the international standards of transparency and exchange of information for tax purposes.
All review reports are published once approved by the Global Forum and they thus represent agreed Global Forum reports.