This chapter examines the agricultural policy framework in Colombia since 1990. It first looks at the main priorities of agricultural and rural development policy concern over the past 20 years. The chapter then provides a description of the sector’s institutional arrangements at central and local levels, as well as of the capacity and reach of entities that are affiliated and linked to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR). The chapter looks at the roles that MADR and its related entities, as well as other Ministries, have in developing and implementing policy instruments to achieve stated objectives. It also presents the main producer associations in Colombia and their interaction with the governmental entities. The institutional framework for designing and implementing agricultural policies appears rather complex which increments the risk of overlapping activities particularly in the context of limited co-ordination between entities.