OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2019-2028
The Agricultural Outlook 2019-2028 is a collaborative effort of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. It brings together the commodity, policy and country expertise of both organisations as well as input from collaborating member countries to provide an annual assessment of the prospects for the coming decade of national, regional and global agricultural commodity markets.
This year's Special Feature will focus on agricultural development in Latin America.
From Chapter:
Statistical Annex
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OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2019-2028 - © OECD 2019
| C.42 | Main policy assumptions for biofuel markets | ||||||||||||
| C.42 | Main policy assumptions for biofuel markets | ||||||||||||
| | | | 2018est | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 |
| | ARGENTINA | ||||||||||||
| | Biodiesel | ||||||||||||
| | Export tax | % | 15.0 | 15.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| | BRAZIL | ||||||||||||
| | Ethanol | ||||||||||||
| | Import tariff | % | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| | Incorporation mandate 2 | % | 27.0 | 27.0 | 27.0 | 27.0 | 27.0 | 27.0 | 27.0 | 27.0 | 27.0 | 27.0 | 27.0 |
| | Biodiesel | ||||||||||||
| | Tax concessions 3 | BRL/hl | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| | Import tariff | % | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| | CANADA | ||||||||||||
| | Ethanol | ||||||||||||
| | Incorporation mandate 2 | % | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| | Biodiesel | ||||||||||||
| | Incorporation mandate 2 | % | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| | COLOMBIA | ||||||||||||
| | Ethanol | ||||||||||||
| | Import tariff | % | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| | % | 9.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |
| | Biodiesel | ||||||||||||
| | Blending target 1 | % | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| | EUROPEAN UNION | ||||||||||||
| | Biofuel | ||||||||||||
| | Energy share in fuel consumption 5 | % | 5.8 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 8.4 |
| | Ethanol | ||||||||||||
| | Tax concessions 3 | EUR/hl | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 8.8 |
| | Import tariff | EUR/hl | 19.2 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 19.2 |
| | Biodiesel | ||||||||||||
| | Tax concessions 3 | EUR/hl | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 | 11.9 |
| | Import tariff | % | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
| | INDIA | ||||||||||||
| | Ethanol | ||||||||||||
| | Import tariff | % | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
| | Share of biofuel mandates in total fuel consumption | % | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| | Biodiesel | ||||||||||||
| | Import tariff | % | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
| | Share of biofuel mandates in total fuel consumption | % | 7.3 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 8.2 |
| | INDONESIA | ||||||||||||
| | Biodiesel | ||||||||||||
| | Blending target 1 | % | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
| | MALAYSIA | ||||||||||||
| | Biodiesel | ||||||||||||
| | Blending target 1 | % | 6.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| | THAILAND | ||||||||||||
| | Ethanol | ||||||||||||
| | Blending target 1 | % | 8.4 | 8.5 | 8.6 | 8.8 | 9.0 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 9.8 | 10.0 | 10.2 |
| | Biodiesel | ||||||||||||
| | Blending target 1 | % | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 8.0 | 8.2 |
| | UNITED STATES | ||||||||||||
| | Renewable Fuel Standard 6 | ||||||||||||
| | Total | mln L | 73 020 | 75 405 | 75 405 | 75 405 | 75 405 | 75 405 | 75 405 | 75 405 | 75 405 | 75 405 | 75 405 |
| | advanced mandate | mln L | 16 239 | 18 624 | 18 624 | 18 624 | 18 624 | 18 624 | 18 624 | 18 624 | 18 624 | 18 624 | 18 624 |
| | cellulosic ethanol | mln L | 1 090 | 1 582 | 1 693 | 1 812 | 1 938 | 2 074 | 2 219 | 2 375 | 2 541 | 2 719 | 2 909 |
| | Ethanol | ||||||||||||
| | Import surcharge | USD/hl | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| | Import tariff (undenatured) | % | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.40 |
| | Import tariff (denatured) | % | 1.90 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 1.90 |
| | Blender tax credit | USD/hl | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| | Biodiesel | ||||||||||||
| | Import tariff | % | 4.60 | 4.60 | 4.60 | 4.60 | 4.60 | 4.60 | 4.60 | 4.60 | 4.60 | 4.60 | 4.60 |
| | Blender tax credit | USD/hl | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Note: 2018est: Data for 2018 are estimated.For many countries, shares for ethanol and biodiesel are not individually specified in the legislation.Figures are based on a combination of the EU mandate in the context of the Renewable Energy Directive and the National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAP) in the EU member states. | |||||||||||||
| Disclaimer: http://oe.cd/disclaimer | |||||||||||||
Expressed in volume share. | |||||||||||||
Share in respective fuel type, in volume. | |||||||||||||
Difference between tax rates applying to fossil and biogen fuels. | |||||||||||||
Applies to cities with more than 500 000 inhabitants. | |||||||||||||
According to the current Renewable energy Directive 2009/28/EC, the energy content of biofuel other than first-generation biofuels counts twice towards meeting the target. It is assumed that other sources than biofuel will help filling the 10% transport energy target. | |||||||||||||
The total, advanced and cellulosic mandates are not at the levels defined in EISA. Details can be found in the policy assumptions section of the biofuel chapter. | |||||||||||||
| Source: OECD/FAO (2019), “OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook”,OECD Agriculture statistics(database). doi:dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr-outl-data-en | |||||||||||||