Browse by: "2022"

The OECD Review of Fisheries 2022 brings together and analyses data on fisheries management and support policies to inform decision makers and help foster sustainable and resilient fisheries that can provide jobs, food, and livelihoods for future generations. The Review assesses the health and productivity of fish stocks and explores how they can be better managed. It updates and analyses the OECD Fisheries Support Estimate (FSE), the most comprehensive and detailed collection of country-level data on governments support to fisheries, covering both subsidies and services to the sector in OECD countries and other major fishing nations. These support measures are categorised according to the risks of encouraging unsustainable fishing they can pose in the absence of effective fisheries management. Lastly, the Review suggests policy options to eliminate support to illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing and investigates how to avoid ocean plastic pollution from ghost fishing gear.

Rural regions in Colombia have untapped potential to boost wealth and well-being in the country. Despite remarkable economic growth over the last two decades, Colombia’s development policy needs to increase its focus on rurality, as regional inequalities remain high by OECD standards and structural challenges still prevent greater development in rural places. This report assesses trends, challenges and opportunities of rural Colombia and examines the country’s rural development policy. It offers recommendations to mobilise rural assets and improve rural well-being with a focus on: strengthening multi-government coordination and policy implementation; enhancing transport and broadband connectivity as well as accessibility to quality education and health and; improving land use management in rural Colombia.

El informe OCDE FAO Perspectivas Agrícolas 2022-2031 ofrece una evaluación consensuada de las perspectivas a 10 años para los mercados de productos básicos agrícolas y pesqueros en los niveles nacional, regional y mundial; sirve también como referencia para el análisis y la planificación de políticas públicas prospectivas. Según las proyecciones, de seguirse la trayectoria actual sin cambio alguno, para 2030 no se alcanzaría el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) número 2, Hambre Cero, y las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) provenientes de la agricultura seguirían en aumento. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo y a la vez reducir los GEI directos 6%, la productividad agrícola mundial tendría que aumentar 28% durante el decenio. Para encaminar al sector agrícola en el sendero del imprescindible crecimiento sostenible se requiere con urgencia emprender acciones integrales para fomentar la inversión y la innovación en materia agrícola y para facilitar la transferencia de tecnología. También será preciso adoptar medidas adicionales para reducir la pérdida y el desperdicio de alimentos, así como para limitar la ingesta excesiva de calorías y proteínas. El informe es un trabajo conjunto de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), elaborado con aportaciones de sus países miembros y de las organizaciones internacionales de productos básicos. En él se presentan las tendencias económicas y sociales fundamentales que impulsan al sector agroalimentario mundial, bajo el supuesto de que no habrá cambios relevantes en las condiciones meteorológicas o en las políticas públicas. En www.agri outlook.org puede consultarse información complementaria sobre el tema.

Agri-environmental payment schemes which operate as voluntary programmes that pay farmers to achieve certain environmental criteria have gained increasing interest and popularity amongst policy makers and farmers. There is growing evidence, however, that the majority of such schemes that have been implemented have had little environmental effectiveness. Building on past OECD work, this report identifies and discusses “best practice” design principles for cost-effective agri-environmental payment schemes. To this end, the report reviews the literature, develops a Policy Spectrum Framework that classifies payment types based on key design features for achieving cost-effective outcomes, and presents policy simulations undertaken to assess the cost-effectiveness of different payment designs and a multi-country choice experiment conducted with farmers to explore their preferences for different types of payments, ranging from practice-based to results-based payments.

Ce rapport annuel de suivi et d’évaluation porte sur les politiques agricoles de 54 pays : les 38 pays de l’OCDE, les 5 États membres de l’UE non membres de l’OCDE, et 11 économies émergentes. Il montre que le soutien à l’agriculture a atteint des sommets, en raison surtout de facteurs temporaires, même si son augmentation a été plus lente que la croissance du secteur ces dernières années. La part des services d’intérêt général (innovation et infrastructures comprises) dans le soutien total apporté au secteur a baissé pour s’établir à 13 %. Le rapport de cette année se penche sur les contributions possibles de l’agriculture et des politiques agricoles à l’atténuation du changement climatique. Il fait valoir que les mesures de politique agricole prises à court terme pour faire face aux crises planétaires doivent non seulement répondre aux défis immédiats. Elles doivent aussi favoriser des réformes qui vont dans le sens de la lutte contre le changement climatique et contre les distorsions affectant les marchés internationaux.

This annual report monitors and evaluates agricultural policies in 54 countries, including the 38 OECD countries, the five non-OECD EU Member States, and 11 emerging economies. It finds that the continued rise in agricultural support has been slower than sector growth in recent years, but has been driven to record highs mainly by temporary factors. The share of general services to the sector (including innovation and infrastructure) in total support provided to the sector has decreased to 13%. This year’s report focuses on the potential for agriculture and agricultural policies to contribute to climate change mitigation. It argues that short-term agricultural policy responses to global crises must simultaneously address current challenges and support reforms to combat climate change and distortions in international markets.

Trade in illicit alcohol products is an attractive target for organised crime, as both the market and potential profits are large, in some cases requiring little investment. The illicit alcohol trade not only fuels criminal networks, but also poses significant risks to public health and safety. This report structures and enhances existing evidence on illicit alcohol trade. It examines the nature and scope of illicit trade in the sector, assesses the impacts of illicit trade on socio-economic development, and identifies the factors driving illicit trade in the sector.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has an unprecedented ambition, but also confronts countries with an enormous challenge given the complex and integrated nature of the Agenda with its 17 Goals, underpinned by 169 Targets. To assist national governments with their implementation, the OECD has developed a unique methodology allowing comparison of progress across SDG goals and targets, and also over time. Based on the Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and leveraging UN and OECD data, this report provides a high-level assessment of OECD Member countries’ performance across the Goals and Targets of the 2030 Agenda. The report evaluates the distance that OECD countries need to travel to meet SDG targets for which data is currently available, but it goes one step further and deepens the analysis by identifying long-term trends, considering also how these trends may be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. By providing a high-level overview of countries’ strengths and weaknesses in performance across the SDGs, it aims to support Member countries in navigating the SDGs and in setting their own priorities for action within the broad 2030 Agenda.

Le Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030 se caractérise par un degré d’ambition sans précédent, mais il représente aussi un formidable défi pour les pays du fait de la complexité et de l’imbrication de ses 17 objectifs et 169 cibles. Afin d’aider les gouvernements nationaux à le mettre en œuvre, l’OCDE a mis au point une méthode unique permettant de comparer les progrès accomplis ainsi que les dynamiques sous-jacentes pour l’ensemble des objectifs et cibles du Programme de Développement Durable. Sur la base du Cadre mondial d’indicateurs relatifs aux Objectifs de Développement Durable et de données provenant des Nations Unies et de l’OCDE, le présent rapport propose un bilan détaillé des résultats obtenus par les pays membres de l’OCDE. Pour l’ensemble des cibles pour lesquelles des données existent, ce rapport évalue la distance que les pays de l’OCDE ont à parcourir afin d’atteindre les Objectifs de Développement Durable mais il va plus loin et approfondit l’analyse en mettant en évidence les tendances de fond ainsi que l’impact potentiel de la pandémie de COVID-19. En faisant le point sur les forces et les faiblesses des pays par rapport aux différents ODD, ce rapport vise à aider les pays Membres à avancer au mieux vers la réalisation de ces objectifs et à identifier leurs propres priorités d’action.

This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current apples standard. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in apples. This brochure is available in electronic format only.

This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the Leeks Standard. This brochure illustrates the standard text and demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus, it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade of leeks.