Aquatic resource development, including aquaculture, is integral to the economic and cultural fabric of Canada. Nevertheless, aquaculture presents a formidable policy challenge. Jurisdiction over aquaculture is determined by the division of constitutional authority between the federal and provincial / territorial governments set out in the Constitution Act, 1867. Between 1987 and 1995, governments set aside constitutional matters and established bilateral memoranda of understanding (MOUs) to delineate responsibility, avoid duplication and improve support for industry. Despite the MOUs, the regulatory framework governing aquaculture remains complex and costly to navigate. To help fulfil Canada's inherent potential in aquaculture for the benefit of all Canadians, it was apparent that a more strategic approach to sector development was required.