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  Assessment and Recommendations
  Please note that this publication contains an Italian and French version of the Assessment and Recommendations of the review at the end of the book. Veillez noter que cette publication contient une version française de l’évaluation et des recommandations de la revue à la fin du livre. Una versione italiana del sommario esecutivo si trova alla fine di questa pubblicazione.
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  Profile of Rural Italy
  This chapter focuses on the socioeconomic forces at work in rural Italy. It is divided in three sections. In the first section rural Italy is compared to other rural regions in the OECD to highlight national trends. The second section integrates the OECD classification with the one proposed by national authorities to obtain a more detailed definition of rural which mirrors the complex topology of the country. The third, and last, section presents in a systematic way the main challenges that burden the sustainability of rural regions in Italy.
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  Policy Assessment
  This chapter describes the RDP approach in Italy, and pays particular attention to the National Strategy Plan (NSP) and the National Strategic Framework (NSF), which are the two key programming instruments for rural policy in Italy. In addition, this chapter analyses the current spending in rural areas and discusses the governance mechanisms underpinning the design and delivery of rural policy. It also features a close-up of the governance structure of 3 rural Regions in Italy; Calabria, Veneto and Emilia- Romagna. The chapter is structured as follows. The first section reviews the evolution of the Italian approach to rural development and rural policy. The second discusses the current policy focus, subsequent spending decisions and governance framework. Finally, the aspects of governance and spending that characterise rural policy design and implementation in three diverse rural regions are analysed.
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  Policy Recommendations
  Based on the analysis of the Italian rural economy and the approach to rural development, this chapter sets out a number of policy recommendations to help Italian rural policy better adapt to the heterogeneous and rapidly evolving context it faces. The chapter addresses the need to develop a rural framework that is broader, reflects the changing demands from rural resources, takes advantage of the potential in rural Italy, and discusses policy options based on national and international experience. It also identifies and discusses a set of issues that emerge as key policy priorities for the future of rural Italy: 1) promoting planning and "framework conditions" across Italy; 2) ensuring environmental sustainability, including the use of natural resources for new purposes including energy generation and the leisure economy; 3) promoting planning at functional, rather than administrative levels, to improve urban-rural linkages; and, 4) facilitating a more collaborative evaluation process among different government tiers.
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  Évaluation et recommandations
  En moyenne, les régions à prédominance rurale (RPR) italiennes affichent l’un des PIB par habitant les plus élevés des régions rurales de l’OCDE. Ainsi, les régions d’Aoste et de Belluno, RPR les plus riches d’Italie, se classent respectivement à la troisième et à la septième place des RPR de l’OCDE en termes de PIB par habitant. Les bons résultats des zones rurales italiennes peuvent s’expliquer par la forte densité de la population et par le fait que beaucoup de régions rurales sont bien reliées aux pôles urbains et aux réseaux d’agglomérations de petite et moyenne taille. L’Italie est, en fait, l’un des pays les moins ruraux de l’OCDE. À partir de ces données, on observe une corrélation positive et solide entre le nombre de travailleurs des secteurs manufacturier et tertiaire, indicateur de la diversification économique, et le niveau du PIB par habitant en 2003. La diversification économique multiplie les possibilités d’emploi dans les zones rurales. Le taux de chômage dans les RPR est faible en moyenne, voire inférieur à celui des zones urbaines dans certains cas. Ainsi, le taux de chômage des régions de Belluno et d’Aoste est inférieur à 5 % et celui de Sienne à 3 %.
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  Sintesi del Rapporto OCSE sulla Politica Rurale dell'Italia
  Il PIL pro capite delle « aree prevalentemente rurali » (APR) Italiane è, in media, tra i più alti tra le APR dell’OCSE. Per esempio, le province di Aosta e Belluno, le più ricche APR del Paese, si collocano rispettivamente al terzo e settimo posto tra le APR dell’OCSE in termini di PIL pro capite. La buona performance dell’Italia rurale potrebbe dipendere dal fatto che il Paese è densamente popolato e le aree rurali sono ben connesse con network di città medie e piccole. L’Italia, in effetti, è uno dei paesi meno rurali dell’OCSE. I dati mostrano anche che c’è una correlazione positiva tra il numero di addetti nei settori manifatturiero e terziario, grandezze usate come « proxy » della diversificazione economica e il livello del PIL pro capite nel 2003. La diversificazione economica moltiplica le opportunità di impiego nelle aree rurali. Le APR hanno, in media, bassi tassi di disoccupazione, in alcuni casi inferiori a quelli delle aree urbane. Nelle province di Belluno e Aosta il tasso di disoccupazione è al di sotto del 5%, mentre nella provincia di Siena, il tasso di disoccupazione è al di sotto del 3%.
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