Scientific publications and the analysis of citations across regions are commonly used as indicators of the progress of science in countries and possible collaborations among researchers in different regions. Worldwide scientific publications are concentrated in a few countries. The top five countries, United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany and Japan, account for almost 60% of the publications in 2010. When considering the number of publications per capita, Switzerland and the Scandinavian countries rank among the highest ones (). Scientific publications show high regional disparities, with in general, one or two regions leading the production as is the case for the regions of Inner London West (United Kingdom) and Basel-Stadt (Switzerland) ().