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The aim of the present Bribery Awareness Handbook for Tax Examiners is to assist countries in making their tax examiners aware of the various bribery techniques used as well as giving them the tools to detect and identify bribes of foreign public officials and bribes to public officials in the domestic context. Countries may wish to use this Handbook and provide it to their tax officials in the context of their training programmes. Countries may also wish to use it to design their own Handbook that could enable them to incorporate their specific circumstances. For that purpose the Handbook identifies where countryspecific information can be added. The Handbook may also be used as a checklist during tax examinations.
This annual publication presents a unique set of detailed and internationally comparable tax data in a common format for all OECD countries from 1965 onwards. It also defines which government receipts should be regarded as taxes and classifies them. This edition includes a special feature on changes to the guidelines for attributing revenues to levels of government.
This report covers a broad range of SME taxation issues, including possible effects of taxation on the creation and growth of SMEs, and considerations arising from a relatively high compliance burden. Differing income tax and social security contribution burdens of unincorporated and incorporated SMEs are considered in detail, with analysis of average statutory tax rates carried out to investigate possible tax distortions to business creation and business structure decisions of a single worker/owner of an SME. Various arguments are presented for and against the targeting of tax incentives at SMEs. Country examples of SME tax incentives and compliance cost reduction measures are provided in the report.
To aid this adaptation key areas of the handbook have been highlighted for “Country Specific Insertions”. While the aim of this handbook is to raise the awareness of tax examiners and tax auditors about the possible implications of transactions or activities related to money laundering and tax crimes, the handbook is not meant to replace domestic policies and procedures.
Ce rapport présente dans une série de tableaux, pays par pays, des informations portant sur les points suivants : législations et accords autorisant l’échange de renseignements à des fins fiscales ; accès aux renseignements bancaires à des fins fiscales ; accès aux renseignements concernant la propriété, l’identité et la comptabilité ; et disponibilité de renseignements sur la propriété, l’identité et la comptabilité en ce qui concerne les sociétés de capitaux, les fiducies, les sociétés de personnes et les fondations.
High Net Worth Individuals (HNWIs) pose significant challenges to tax administrations due to the complexity of their affairs, their revenue contribution, the opportunity for aggressive tax planning, and the impact of their compliance behaviour on the integrity of the tax system. This publication examines in detail this taxpayer segment, describes their usage of aggressive tax planning schemes and proposes prevention, detection and response strategies that tax administrations can use to respond to these challenges. It also addresses aspects of voluntary disclosure initiatives for past non-compliance that may be particularly pertinent in the current environment.
The publication outlines a number of innovative approaches to enable governments to better manage the risks involved with marketed tax schemes and tailor-made arrangements. To improve compliance, tax administrations could consider changing the structure of their operations to focus resources effectively, for example, through the creation of a dedicated HNWI unit. Other recommendations include creating the appropriate legal framework, exploring forms of co-operative compliance and engaging more in international co-operation, at both the strategic and operational level.
This fourth annual assessment of transparency and tax information policies carried out by the OECD Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information brings to 87 the number of countries covered by the report. Four new countries are covered in this edition: Estonia, India, Israel, and Slovenia. This edition also features for each country new summary assessments providing a snapshot of their legal and administrative framework. The report sets out on a series of tables, on a country-by-country basis, information on: laws and agreements permitting the exchange of information for tax purposes; access to bank information for tax purposes; access to ownership identity and accounting information; and availability of ownership, identity and accounting information relating to companies, trusts, partnerships and foundations.
Les Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert fournissent des lignes directrices sur l’application du « principe de pleine concurrence ». Ce principe est le consensus international en matière de prix de transfert, c’est-à-dire pour la valorisation aux fins fiscales des transactions internationales entre entreprises associées. Dans une économie globale où les entreprises multinationales (EMN) jouent un rôle essentiel, les prix de transfert sont un sujet prioritaire pour les administrations fiscales comme pour les contribuables. Les gouvernements doivent s’assurer que les profits imposables des EMN ne sont pas transférés artificiellement hors de leur juridiction et que les bases fiscales déclarées par les EMN dans leur pays reflètent l’activité économique qui y est entreprise. Pour les contribuables, il est essentiel de limiter les risques de double imposition économique qui peuvent résulter d’un différend entre deux pays sur la détermination de la rémunération de pleine concurrence de leurs transactions internationales avec des entreprises associées.
Les Principes de l'OCDE applicables en matière de prix de transfert ont été approuvés par le Conseil de l’OCDE dans leur version originale en 1995. Dans l’édition 2009, des modifications ont été effectuées au chapitre IV, principalement pour refléter l’adoption, dans la mise à jour 2008 du Modèle de convention fiscale, d’un nouveau paragraphe 5 de l’article 25 traitant de l’arbitrage, ainsi que de changements apportés au Commentaire de l’article 25 sur les procédures amiables pour résoudre les différends fiscaux internationaux.
OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations provides guidance on the application of the "arm's length principle" for valuation for tax purposes of cross-border transactions between associated enterprises. In a global economy where multinational enterprises (MNEs) play a prominent role, governments need to ensure that the taxable profits of MNEs are not artificially shifted out of their jurisdiction and that the tax base reported by MNEs in their country reflects the economic activity undertaken therein. For taxpayers, it is essential to limit the risks of economic double taxation that may result from a dispute between two countries on the determination of the arm’s length remuneration for their cross-border transactions with associated enterprises.
The OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines clarifies these issues and were originally approved by the OECD Council in 1995. In this 2009 edition, some amendments have been made to Chapter IV, primarily to reflect the adoption, in the 2008 update of the Model Tax Convention, of a new paragraph 5 of Article 25 dealing with arbitration, and of changes to the Commentary on Article 25 on mutual agreement procedures to resolve cross-border tax disputes.
This book analyses the role banks play in the provision of aggressive tax planning arrangements. It examines the nature of banking, the complex structured financing transactions developed by banks and how they are then used by both banks and their clients. It also explores the internal governance processes that banks use to manage tax risk and the prevention, detection and response strategies applied by different revenue bodies in responding to the challenges that banks pose. The book makes a number of recommendations for revenue bodies and identifies best practices for consideration by banks.
Taxing Wages provides unique information on income tax paid by workers and on social security contributions levied upon employees and their employers in OECD countries. In addition, this annual publication specifies family benefits paid as cash transfers. Amounts of taxes and benefits are detailed program by program, for eight household types which differ by income level and household composition. Results reported include the marginal and effective tax burden for one- and two-earner families, and total labour costs of employers. These data on tax burdens and cash benefits are widely used in academic research and in the preparation and evaluation of social and economic policy making. Taxing Wages 2008 includes a Special Feature entitled "Consumption Taxation as an Additional Burden on Labour Income".
Cette publication est la septième édition de la version abrégée du Modèle de Convention fiscale concernant le revenu et la fortune de l’OCDE. Cette version abrégée contient le texte intégral du Modèle de Convention fiscale tel qu'il se lisait le 17 juillet 2008, excluant toutefois les notes historiques, la liste détaillée des conventions conclues entre pays Membres de l'OCDE et les rapports antérieurs qui sont inclus dans la version intégrale et dans la version électronique. La version intégrale du Modèle de Convention fiscale de l’OCDE est disponible en feuillets mobiles, afin de permettre une mise à jour périodique.