The special section of this chapter describes trends in youth labour market outcomes and policies. Youth population shares in OECD countries reached a peak in the 1960s, 1970s or 1980s, and have everywhere fallen since then. In a slight majority of countries, young adult unemployment rates have fallen relative to prime-age adult rates since 1983, but trends are varied. Youths are staying longer in education, but in some countries study is often combined with participation in the labour market, and the conventionally-measured unemployment rate will often not be the most relevant indicator of labour market distress. One alternative indicator, the proportion of youths who are neither in education nor in employment, generally shows some trend improvement.