OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook 2016
The fully revamped and re-titled OECD Science, Technology and Innovation Outlook is a biennial publication that aims to inform policy makers and analysts on recent and future changes in global science, technology and innovation (STI) patterns and their potential implications on and for national and international STI policies. Based on the most recent data available, the report provides comparative analysis of new policies and instruments being used in OECD countries and a number of major emerging economies (including Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, the Russian Federation and South Africa) to boost the contribution of science and innovation to growth and to global and social challenges. In this edition, detailed country and policy profiles are available on line.
Peru
Peru is a resource-rich Latin American country which economic growth has been driven by commodity exports, especially of agricultural products, hydrocarbon and mineral resources that make up about three-quarters of total Peru’s exports. Large multinationals have been playing a key role in national mining industry and the country’s integration into global value chains. Peru’s recent growth performance has been impressive with strong progress made in reducing poverty. Since 2000, GDP growth has averaged 5% per annum, compared to the Latin American average of 3.2% and the OECD average of 2%. Although the unemployment rate remains low, 46% of Peruvian workers are in vulnerable employment . There is also a large informal sector, at close to 70% of the total employment, which contributes to low levels of productivity. Persisting poverty pockets in rural areas coexist with the capital Lima that hosts the vast majority of the country’s high value services, manufacturing and transport and logistics. High levels of informality, low levels of skills and innovation, under-developed infrastructure and large inter-regional disparities weigh on Peru’s development perspectives. In view of falling global commodity prices, Peru is currently undergoing a transition away from a commodity-export economy towards an economy oriented towards industry and services. The National Plan for Production Diversification (PNDP) was implemented in 2014 and aims at promoting the diversification of the country’s production structure.
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