Innovation requires developing and mobilising a broad range of skills throughout the workplace and society (Hanel, 2005; OECD, 2010; Toner, 2011). Considering the complex nature of the work required for innovation, desirable “skills” of individual and groups might be best understood as “capabilities” -- including the ability to synthesise relevant knowledge (from theoretical to practical expertise and know-how) and to think creatively -- and behavioural and social traits such as self-confidence, risk taking, leadership, teamwork, attitudes towards change. These capabilities and traits must operate within social contexts conducive to the growth and operation of such capabilities. Many countries seek to build “cultures” of science and innovation that will help develop these capacities in order to build public participation and support for science, as well as foster entrepreneurship. There is no single ideal “science and innovation culture” as it is the nature of national science cultures to be diverse (Jasanoff 2009). Yet many countries share this broader objective and aim to engage it through public policy.