N°
2013/01
29 Jan 2013
Innovation and Inclusive Development Caroline Paunov
Inclusive development is a key policy priority since growth processes have not always helped lowerincome
groups. Innovation is a major driver of growth and its relationship with inequalities in income and
opportunities raises some important policy questions: Do innovation and the resulting...
N°
2012/07
31 Dec 2012
Mapping Careers and Mobility of Doctorate Holders Laudeline Auriol, Martin Schaaper, Bernard Felix
In 2004, the OECD launched a collaborative project with the UNESCO Institute for Statistics and Eurostat aimed at developing internationally comparable indicators on the labour market, career path and mobility of doctorate holders. This paper presents the third edition of the technical...
N°
2012/06
17 Dec 2012
Mixed Modes of Innovation Marion Frenz, Ray Lambert
This study uses exploratory data analysis techniques to develop typologies of innovation modes or strategies for groups of firms. Analysing micro-level survey data from 18 countries we identify five innovation modes. The coherence and relevance of the innovation modes is tested by using them as...
N°
2012/05
25 Sep 2012
Defining and Measuring Investment in Organisational Capital Mariagrazia Squicciarini, Marie Le Mouel
This work seeks to quantify investment in Organisational Capital (OC) by looking at the task content of occupations. It relies on the literature suggesting OC to be embodied in a firm’s workforce and defines OC as those tasks performed by employees – irrespective of their occupational titles –...
N°
2012/04
22 May 2012
Modes of Public Funding of Research and Development Jan van Steen
This paper presents the results of the data collection across 18 participating countries, demonstrating that it is possible to produce new policy relevant indicators on public funding of R&D in addition to those envisaged in the OECD Frascati Manual. The initial findings of the data collection...
N°
2012/03
23 Apr 2012
International Comparative Evidence on Global Value Chains Koen De Backer, Norihiko Yamano
The past decades have witnessed a rapid globalisation of economic activity which has significantly changed the outlook of the world economy. International production, trade and investments are increasingly organised within so-called global value chains (GVCs) where the different stages in the...
N°
2012/02
12 Apr 2012
The Export Performance of Countries within Global Value Chains (GVCs) Andrea Beltramello, Koen De Backer, Laurent Moussiegt
The growing importance of global value chains (GVCs) in the international organisation of production
increasingly challenges the traditional way of measuring countries’ export performance and hence
international competitiveness. As a result of growing production fragmentation, a country’s...
N°
2012/01
05 Mar 2012
Organizational Behavior and Human Resources Management for Public to Private Knowledge Transfer Branco Ponomariov, Craig Boardman
This paper reviews the current academic thinking on knowledge transfer channels between universities and private industry, from a human resource perspective. It also offers a general framework for "re-organising" the literature, so as to identify gaps in the understanding of organisational...
N°
2011/06
20 Dec 2011
Compilation of Bilateral Trade Database by Industry and End-Use Category Shiguang Zhu, Norihiko Yamano, Agnès Cimper
During the last decade, the volume of international trade has increased significantly as international
economic integration has deepened, especially in emerging countries, and national industrial structures
have become increasingly aligned with international trade in intermediate goods. The...
N°
2011/05
19 Dec 2011
Imports, Innovation and Employment after Crisis Caroline Paunov
Imports are often perceived as a threat to employment. However, access to imported intermediate inputs can be essential to stimulate innovation and generate employment. We investigate this question based on a unique dataset of Ecuadorian manufacturing firms, their final products and...
N°
2011/04
01 Dec 2011
Accounting for the Self-Employed in Labour Share Estimates Rebecca Ann Freeman
The imputation of the labour income of the self-employed typically relies upon the assumption that individuals of this group earn the same average hourly compensation as employees, either at the total economy or industry level. While this assumption is convenient in that it relies upon readily...
N°
2011/03
12 Dec 2011
Recent Developments in Asian Economic Integration Kiichiro Fukasaku, Bo Meng, Norihiko Yamano
This paper analyses the contribution to and engagement in global supply chains of Asian emerging
economies by measuring several globalisation indicators based on the harmonised input-output and
bilateral trade databases developed by the OECD. It focuses on major structural changes in the Asian...
N°
2011/02
22 Aug 2011
Opening Japan: Comparisons with Other G20 Countries and Lessons Learned from International Experience Andrea Beltramello, Koen De Backer, Victor Mercader, Laurent Moussiegt
Openness has been shown to be an important driver of economic growth. Because of the broad character of the current globalisation process, openness has many dimensions: trade (in both goods and services), foreign direct investment (FDI), circulation of people (including the highly skilled), and...
N°
2011/01
07 Jan 2011
Workforce Skills and Innovation Phillip Toner
This paper provides an account of the main approaches, debates and evidence in the literature on the role of workforce skills in the innovation process in developed economies. It draws on multiple sources including the innovation studies discipline, neoclassical Human Capital theory,...
N°
2010/05
12 Nov 2010
The Role of Internet Service Providers in Botnet Mitigation Michel van Eeten, Johannes M. Bauer, Hadi Asghari, Shirin Tabatabaie
Botnets – networks of machines infected with malicious software – are widely regarded as a critical security threat. Measures that directly address the end users who own the infected machines are useful, but have proven insufficient to reduce the overall problem. Recent studies have shifted...
N°
2010/04
26 Mar 2010
Careers of Doctorate Holders Laudeline Auriol
This paper presents the results of the first large-scale data collection conducted in the framework of
the OECD/UNESCO Institute for Statistics/Eurostat project on Careers of Doctorate Holders (CDH).
Doctorate holders represent a crucial human resource for research and innovation. While they...
N°
2010/03
18 Mar 2010
Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Financial Market Cycles Josh Lerner
While hard data is difficult to find, the financial crisis appears to have had a substantial negative effect on investors’ willingness to finance innovative entrepreneurship. This dearth of capital is particularly worrisome in light of the widely recognised need for innovative ventures—the...
N°
2010/02
12 Feb 2010
Insight into Different Types of Patent Families Catalina Martinez
What are patent families? What is the impact of adopting one definition or another? Are some
definitions of patent families better suited than others for certain uses in statistical and economic analysis?
The aim of this paper is to provide some answers to these questions, compare the...
N°
2010/01
05 Jan 2010
Mapping Careers and Mobility of Doctorate Holders Laudeline Auriol, Bernard Felix, Martin Schaaper
Human resources are recognised as being key to the creation, commercialisation and diffusion of
innovation. Among them, doctorate holders are not only the most qualified in terms of educational
attainment, but also those who are specifically trained to conduct research. In 2004, the OECD...
N°
2009/09
22 Dec 2009
The Emerging Patent Marketplace Tomoya Yanagisawa, Dominique Guellec
Facilitating the mobilisation, sharing, or exchange of patents is increasingly important to promote
innovation in this globalised and well-networked world, where the circulation of ideas and technologies is
essential to innovation. In the context of open innovation, patents are expected to play...
N°
2009/08
30 Dec 2009
Pre-Emptive Patenting Dominique Guellec, Catalina Martinez, Maria Pluvia Zuniga
We investigate statistically the characteristics, functioning and incidence of pre-emptive patenting,
defined as patent filings whose main effect is to hamper the grant of other patents. Patent applications can
be used to prevent the grant of exclusive rights on markets and technologies to...
N°
2009/07
25 June 2009
Nanotechnology: An Overview Based on Indicators and Statistics Christopher Palmberg, Hélène Dernis, Claire Miguet
Nanotechnology is commonly considered to offer considerable promise extending from business
opportunities throughout various industries to broader socio-economic benefits, especially in the context of
pressing global challenges such as those related to energy, health care, clean water and...
N°
2009/06
08 Apr 2009
Trademarks as an Indicator of Product and Marketing Innovations Valentine Millot
Non-technological innovation is a major factor of competitiveness and productivity growth in the
economy, notably in the service industries. However, the measurement of non-technological innovation
and of innovation in the service industries is currently very poor, as traditional data sources...
N°
2009/05
31 Mar 2009
Who Licenses out Patents and Why? Maria Pluvia Zuniga, Dominique Guellec
The increasing importance of licensing for innovation is supported by ample anecdotal evidence.
However, statistics on this topic are scarce. The OECD, together with the European Patent Office and the
University of Tokyo, carried out a business survey on the licensing-out of patents. The goal...
N°
2009/04
25 Feb 2009
Towards Harmonised Bilateral Trade Data for Inter-Country Input-Output Analyses: Statistical Issues Dong Guo, Colin Webb, Norihiko Yamano
Understanding the increasingly complex structures of international trade is an important concern for
policy makers, as deepening economic integration is characterised by the growing trade in intermediate
goods and services between countries. Analyses based on international input-output tables...
N°
2009/03
06 Feb 2009
The Measurement of CO2 Embodiments in International Trade Satoshi Nakano, Asako Okamura, Norihisa Sakurai, Masayuki Suzuki, Yoshiaki Tojo, Norihiko Yamano
Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which are linked to the global climate system such as the Kyoto Protocol might fail, if emission-restricted states relocate their carbon-intensive production
activities to non-restricted countries where the primary production factors depend on...
N°
2009/02
02 Feb 2009
OECD Work on Innovation – A Stocktaking of Existing Work Sarah Box
In May 2007, OECD Ministers mandated the preparation of an OECD Innovation Strategy. The
Strategy has two broad aims: first, addressing countries’ needs for a more comprehensive, coherent and
timely understanding of how to promote, measure and assess innovation and its underlying dynamics...
N°
2009/01
15 Jan 2009
Measuring China's Innovation System Martin Schaaper
This working paper provides input to the OECD Review of Innovation Policy for China (OECD,
2008), which was released in September 2008. Science and technology (S&T) have been pinpointed by the Chinese State Council as a key driving force for sustainable economic growth and the transformation of...
N°
2008/05
30 Dec 2008
Fostering Entrepreneurship for Innovation Axel Mittelstädt, Fabienne Cerri
Entrepreneurship and firm creation have long been recognised as a vital force driving innovation. With globalization and the co-incident shift towards a knowledge-based economy, the link between entrepreneurship policy and innovation has received renewed attention. By underpinning firm...
N°
2008/04
16 Dec 2008
Open Innovation in a Global Perspective Koen De Backer, Vladimir López-Bassols, Catalina Martinez
Open innovation has received a lot of attention in the business management literature and recently also in policy discussions. Until now, most of the empirical evidence has been based on case study work offering detailed insights into some best practices of open innovation in companies’...
N°
2008/03
01 Dec 2008
The Geography of Inventive Activities in OECD Regions Stefano Usai
This work reflects an initial analysis employing a pioneering new OECD database; it is among the
first systematic attempts to analyse comparatively the distribution of innovative activity across regions in
OECD economies with a set of homogenous measures for both input and output in the process...
N°
2008/02
03 June 2008
The OECD REGPAT Database Stéphane Maraut, Hélène Dernis, Colin Webb, Vincenzo Spiezia, Dominique Guellec
The OECD REGPAT database presents patent data that have been linked to regions according to the
addresses of the applicants and inventors. The data have been 'regionalised' at a very detailed level so that
more than 2 000 regions are covered across OECD countries. REGPAT allows patent data to...
N°
2008/01
29 May 2008
Economics of Malware Michel J.G. van Eeten, Johannes M. Bauer
Malicious software, or malware for short, has become a critical security threat to all who rely on the Internet for their daily business, whether they are large organisations or home users. While originating in criminal behaviour, the magnitude and impact of the malware threat are also...
N°
2007/08
31 Dec 2007
The Measurement of Globalisation using International Imput-Outpout Tables Koen De Backer, Norihiko Yamano
One of the distinctive characteristics of the current globalisation process is the emergence of global
value chains. Within global value chains and international production networks, not only are final goods
traded internationally, but intermediate goods (parts and components) and, in recent...
N°
2007/06
17 Dec 2007
Mapping Careers and Mobility of Doctorate Holders Laudeline Auriol, Bernard Felix, Ernesto Fernandez-Polcuch
Human resources are recognised as being key to the creation, commercialisation and diffusion of
innovation. Among them, doctorate holders are not only the most qualified in terms of educational
attainment, but also those who are specifically trained to conduct research. Not much is known...
N°
2007/05
15 Oct 2007
Measuring Multifactor Productivity Growth Anita Wölfl, Dana Hajkova
This paper quantifies and examines the contribution of capital, labour and multifactor productivity
(MFP) to GDP growth and analyses the role of measurement of capital and labour inputs for the MFP
estimate, using a comprehensive growth accounting exercise for 14 OECD countries. For most...
N°
2007/04
23 May 2007
Capturing Nanotechnology's Current State of Development via Analysis of Patents Masatsura Igami, Teruo Okazaki
This analysis aims at capturing current inventive activities in nanotechnologies based on the analysis
of patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO).
N°
2007/03
05 Oct 2007
Nowcasting Patent Indicators Hélène Dernis
Indicators based on patents provide a good measure of the innovative performance and technology
outputs of countries. However, because of legal rules imposed by the patent application process,
information on patents is generally publicly disclosed after 18 months. Patent indicators are...
N°
2007/02
05 Feb 2007
Labour Market Characteristics and International Mobility of Doctorate Holders Laudeline Auriol
This paper presents the first results of a project initiated in 2004 by the OECD in collaboration with
Eurostat and the UNESCO Institute for Statistics, and aimed at developing a regular and internationally
comparable production system of indicators on the careers and mobility of doctorate...
N°
2007/01
20 Feb 2007
Capturing the Evolving Nature of Science, the Development of New Scientific Indicators and the Mapping of Science Masatsura Igami, Ayaka Saka
There is a long history describing the structure and evolution of science. Recent unprecedented
progress in access, use, and analysis of information on scientific publications and patents open innovative
ways to study the structure and evolution of science. Especially, a mapping of knowledge...
N°
2006/09
27 Oct 2006
The Changing Nature of Manufacturing in OECD Economies Dirk Pilat, Agnès Cimper, Karsten Bjerring Olsen, Colin Webb
This paper provides empirical evidence on the changing nature of manufacturing in OECD countries,
including the continued loss of employment in the manufacturing. It examines the extent to which
manufacturing output and employment are declining in OECD countries and explores possible...
N°
2006/08
20 Oct 2006
The OECD Input-Output Database Norihiko Yamano, Nadim Ahmad
The development of the OECD?s input-output database started over a decade ago and is currently
undergoing its second update. Over the years, the database has been used in a number of analytical
applications both within and outside the OECD. Two major applications within the OECD concerned...
N°
2006/07
31 Aug 2006
Input-Output Analysis in an Increasingly Globalised World Brian Wixted, Norihiko Yamano, Colin Webb
Input-output (I-O) analysis has been around for nearly 70 years, and although its use has ebbed and
flowed over the years, it has always retained a dedicated core of users in the worldwide research
community. Recently however, there seems to have been a notable increase in the use of...
N°
2006/06
28 July 2006
Sources of Knowledge and Productivity Mosahid Khan, Kul B. Luintel
We estimate domestic productivity relationships for a sample of 16 OECD countries through probably
the most general specification yet. We identify ten key determinants of productivity - all derived from
different theoretical models. Our specification may address the potential problem of omitted...
N°
2006/05
30 June 2006
Valuation and Exploitation of Intellectual Property Shigeki Kamiyama, Jerry Sheehan, Catalina Martinez
As firms shift to more open models of innovation based on collaboration and external sourcing of knowledge, they are exploiting their intellectual property, notably patents, not only by incorporating protected inventions into new products, processes and services, but also by licensing them to...
N°
2006/04
22 May 2006
Tax Treatment of Business Investments in Intellectual Assets Jacek Warda
In a knowledge-based economy, business performance and overall levels of economic growth are increasingly dependent on the development and exploitation of intellectual assets. A number of OECD countries offer tax incentives to encourage and reward business expenditures on intellectual assets....
N°
2006/03
02 May 2006
Global Overview of Innovative Activities from the Patent Indicators Perspective Mosahid Khan, Hélène Dernis
This paper provides an overview of innovative activities across a wide range of OECD member and non-member countries, based on international comparable patent indicators. Patent data are frequently used to measure innovative activities, because patent-based indicators reflect the inventive...
N°
2006/02
17 Mar 2006
Research Use of Patented Knowledge Chris Dent, Paul Jensen, Sophie Waller, Beth Webster
This Working Paper reviews issues related to research access to patented inventions, with a particular focus on the role of research exemptions (or experimental use exemptions) in protecting such access. It outlines factors that may affect the ability of researchers to access patented...
N°
2006/01
06 Mar 2006
Productivity Impacts of Offshoring and Outsourcing Karsten Bjerring Olsen
Despite the attention that offshore outsourcing currently demands in the public media, there is little empirical evidence on its economic impact. As a consequence of rising fears of job losses associated with the phenomenon, most existing research on the subject is primarily concerned with...
N°
2005/10
14 Dec 2005
An Empirical Contribution to Knowledge Production and Economic Growth Kul B. Luintel, Mosahid Khan
We examine the dynamics of knowledge production for a panel of 19 OECD countries. A new and unique data set is used to proxy the domestic flows of "new-to-the-world" knowledge and ideas. We rigorously address the cross-country heterogeneity in the production of knowledge and the endogeneous...
