OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2010
In the search for a rapid, sustainable and lasting recovery from the economic crisis, science, technology and innovation are expected to play a driving role. But what are the implications for science and innovation policy? What steps are countries taking to boost their capabilities in these areas? What place are emerging economies likely to occupy in the science, technology and innovation landscape?
The OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2010 reviews key trends in science, technology and innovation in OECD countries and a number of major emerging economies including Brazil, China, India, Russia and South Africa. Using the latest available data and indicators, it examines topics high on the agenda of economic policy makers, including performance in science and innovation, trends in national science, technology and innovation policies and the design and assessment of innovation policy, including policy interactions and the “policy mix”. It provides individual profiles of the science and innovation performance of each country and relates these to their national context and current policy challenges.
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China
Over the past three decades China’s economy has moved from being largely closed to becoming a major global player. Its innovation system has undergone considerable change and its innovation performance has improved noticeably. Gross expenditure on R&D (GERD) increased consistently from 0.73% in 1991 to 1.5% of GDP in 2008, the equivalent of around 13% of total OECD GERD. Industry funded about 70% of GERD, and the government 24%. Business expenditure on R&D (BERD) was 1% of GDP in 2008, and increased by 27% a year in real terms in the decade since 1997. In 2007, business R&D was equivalent to almost 12% of OECD BERD, up from 2% in 1997.
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