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Keywords: technology, research, telecommunication, science, development
Table

2012 Gross domestic expenditure on R&D 2012

As a percentage of GDP

English Also available in: French

EMAIL THIS PAGE

Author(s)
OECD

Years covered: 2004-2011

29 Mar 2012

1 pages

https://doi.org/10.1787/rdxp-table-2012-1-en

‌Gross domestic expenditure on R&D
‌As a percentage of GDP
‌
‌
‌‌
‌2004‌
‌2005‌
‌2006‌
‌2007‌
‌2008‌
‌2009‌
‌2010‌
‌2011‌
‌
Australia
1.72
 
..
 
1.99
 
..
 
2.24
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
‌
Austria
2.24
 
2.46
 
c
2.44
 
2.51
 
2.67
 
c,p
2.72
 
2.76
 
c,p
2.76
 
p
‌
Belgium
1.86
 
1.83
 
1.86
 
1.89
 
1.97
 
2.03
 
1.99
 
p
..
 
‌
Canada
2.07
 
2.04
 
2.00
 
1.96
 
1.86
 
1.92
 
1.80
 
p
..
 
‌
Chile
..
 
..
 
..
 
0.33
 
0.39
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
‌
Czech Republic
1.20
 
1.35
 
1.49
 
1.48
 
1.41
 
1.48
 
1.56
 
..
 
‌
Denmark
2.48
 
2.46
 
2.48
 
2.58
 
2.85
 
3.06
 
3.06
 
c
..
 
‌
Estonia
0.85
 
0.93
 
1.13
 
1.08
 
1.28
 
1.43
 
1.62
 
p
..
 
‌
Finland
3.45
 
3.48
 
3.48
 
3.47
 
3.70
 
3.92
 
3.87
 
..
 
‌
France
2.16
 
2.11
 
2.11
 
2.08
 
2.12
 
2.26
 
2.26
 
p
..
 
‌
Germany
2.50
 
2.51
 
2.54
 
2.53
 
2.69
 
2.82
 
2.82
 
c
..
 
‌
Greece
0.56
 
c
0.60
 
0.59
 
c
0.60
 
c
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
‌
Hungary
0.88
 
0.94
 
1.01
 
0.98
 
1.00
 
1.17
 
1.16
 
..
 
‌
Iceland
..
 
2.77
 
2.99
 
2.68
 
2.64
 
p
..
 
..
 
..
 
‌
Ireland
1.22
 
1.24
 
1.24
 
1.28
 
1.45
 
1.74
 
c
1.79
 
c,p
..
 
‌
Israel 1
4.29
 
4.42
 
4.50
 
4.84
 
4.77
 
4.46
 
p
4.40
 
p
..
 
‌
Italy
1.09
 
1.09
 
1.13
 
1.17
 
1.21
 
1.26
 
1.26
 
p
..
 
‌
Japan
3.17
 
3.32
 
3.40
 
3.44
 
3.45
 
3.36
 
..
 
..
 
‌
Korea
2.68
 
2.79
 
3.01
 
3.21
 
3.36
 
3.56
 
3.74
 
..
 
‌
Luxembourg
1.63
 
1.56
 
1.66
 
1.58
 
c
1.57
 
1.66
 
1.63
 
p
..
 
‌
Mexico
0.40
 
0.41
 
0.39
 
0.37
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
‌
Netherlands
1.93
 
1.90
 
1.88
 
1.81
 
1.77
 
1.82
 
1.83
 
p
..
 
‌
New Zealand
..
 
1.14
 
..
 
1.19
 
..
 
1.30
 
..
 
..
 
‌
Norway
1.57
 
1.51
 
1.48
 
1.59
 
1.58
 
1.78
 
1.69
 
p
..
 
‌
Poland
0.56
 
0.57
 
0.56
 
0.57
 
0.60
 
0.68
 
0.74
 
..
 
‌
Portugal
0.75
 
c
0.78
 
0.99
 
c
1.17
 
1.50
 
1.64
 
1.59
 
p
..
 
‌
Slovak Republic
0.51
 
0.51
 
0.49
 
0.46
 
0.47
 
0.48
 
0.63
 
..
 
‌
Slovenia
1.39
 
1.44
 
1.56
 
1.45
 
1.65
 
1.86
 
2.11
 
p
..
 
‌
Spain
1.06
 
1.12
 
1.20
 
1.27
 
1.35
 
1.38
 
1.37
 
p
..
 
‌
Sweden
3.58
 
3.56
 
3.68
 
3.40
 
3.70
 
c
3.61
 
3.43
 
c
..
 
‌
Switzerland
2.90
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
2.99
 
..
 
..
 
..
 
‌
Turkey
0.52
 
0.59
 
0.58
 
0.72
 
0.73
 
0.85
 
0.84
 
..
 
‌
United Kingdom
1.68
 
1.73
 
1.75
 
1.78
 
1.77
 
c
1.85
 
c
1.77
 
p
..
 
‌
United States
2.55
 
2.59
 
2.64
 
2.70
 
2.84
 
2.90
 
..
 
..
 
‌
EU27
1.73
 
1.74
 
1.77
 
1.77
 
1.84
 
1.92
 
p
1.91
 
p
..
 
‌
OECD Total
2.18
 
2.22
 
2.25
 
2.28
 
2.35
 
2.40
 
p
..
 
..
 
Last updated: 29 March 2012
Note: Country specific footnotes are available at http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/21/22/49501885.pdf
1.
The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.
c)
National estimate or projection adjusted, if necessary, by the Secretariat to meet OECD norms
p)
Provisional
Source: Main Science and Technology Indicators, OECD Science, Technology and R&D Statistics
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