There have been a number of security developments emerging in OECD markets over the last three years. First, spam has evolved from a simple nuisance to a vehicle for fraud. It is has become the primary vector for introducing “malware” – malicious software into computers. Second, once a computer is infected with malware it can be remotely controlled to launch cyber attacks on defined targets – unbeknownst to the user. Clusters of these infected computers are called “botnets” and can be controlled simultaneously to launch attacks which overwhelm targeted Internet servers until they cease to function.