The Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context sets out the obligations to assess the environmental impact of certain activities at an early stage of decision making. It also lays down the general obligation for parties to notify and consult each other on all major projects under consideration that are likely to have a significant adverse environmental impact across national borders. The Espoo Convention was adopted in 1991 and entered into force on 10 September 1997. There are currently 45 states party to the Espoo Convention,2 including 23 countries that are also members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA).3 It should be noted that the European Union (EU) is also a party to the Espoo Convention4 and has transposed the provisions related to the environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedure in its legislation,5 thus imposing the Espoo Convention principles on all EU member states.