This indicator is measured as the number of employees in the manufacturing sector. An enterprise is defined as a legal entity possessing the right to conduct business on its own, for example to enter into contracts, own property, incur liabilities and establish bank accounts. An enterprise may be a corporation, a quasi- corporation, a non-profit institution, or an unincorporated enterprise. Enterprises can be classified in different categories according to their size; for this purpose, different criteria may be used, but the most common is number of people employed. In small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) employ fewer than 250 people. SMEs are further subdivided into micro enterprises (fewer than 10 employees), small enterprises (10 to 49 employees), medium-sized enterprises (50 to 249 employees). Large enterprises employ 250 or more people.

Those who are self-employed with employees are people whose primary activity is self-employment and who employ others. The incorporated self-employed are only partly or non-included in the counts of self-employed in several countries. This indicator is measured by gender as percentage of total employment.

Those who are self-employed without employees are people whose primary activity is self-employment and do not employ others. The incorporated self-employed are only partly or non-included in the counts of self-employed in several countries. This indicator is measured by sex as percentage of total employment.

For each group (men/women), the indicator is defined as the share of self-employed with tertiary education among all employed workers with tertiary education in this group. Tertiary education refers to levels 5-8 of ISCED11 or Bachelor level and higher degrees.

The indicator is the number of self-employed men (women) in the manufacturing sector (ISIC Rev.4, divisions 10-33) and in the services sector (ISIC Rev.4, divisions 45-99), divided by the number of self-employed men (women) in all industries.

Current business conditions: Two groups of enterprises with a Facebook page are identified, depending on whether their top management is predominantly male or female. For each group, the indicator is the share of enterprises giving a positive answer to the question “How would you evaluate the current state of your business?” and “What is your outlook for the next 6 months on your business?”

Data refer to the share of women in the total number of inventors of IP5 patent families. A patent family is a collection of patent applications filed to protect a same invention in different jurisdictions. Patents in a family are related to each other through priority filings. By definition, IP5 patent families are filed in at least two offices worldwide, one of which being one of the five largest Intellectual Property (IP) offices. Each inventor receives a weight corresponding to the number of patent families for which he/she is listed amongst the inventor. The gender of the inventor is identified using a gender-name dictionary (first names by country). Data for 2016 and 2017 are estimates based on available data for those years. Two thresholds are applied to select the countries in the database: more than 50 inventors per year, and more than 60% of inventor's names matched to gender. EU28 and OECD aggregates only include countries that satisfy these thresholds

For each group (men/women), the indicator is defined as the share of self-employed aged 20-29 among all employed workers aged 20-29 in this group.