State-Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa
Engines of Development and Competitiveness?
State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are an important feature of the economic landscape in the Middle East and North Africa region and yet, their contribution to the local economies has not been subject to a systematic investigation. SOEs in the region are generally perceived as inefficient and subject to sub-optimal governance arrangements but at the same time, and somewhat paradoxically, they are often charged developmental mandates that typically go beyond their stated commercial objectives. This phenomenon owes to the historically prominent role of the state in the economic development in the region and the recently renewed interest in using select SOEs as anchors of national industrialisation and competitiveness strategies.
This publication contributes to the limited existing literature on the role of SOEs in the economic development by examining the contribution of MENA SOEs to industrial development, diversification, poverty elimination and the provision of goods and services to the public more generally. Second, it provides an overview of the diverse mandates and roles of MENA SOEs and assesses the costs of these obligations with a view to isolate ownership and governance practices that have contributed to the success of some companies and poor performance of others. Recommendations to policymakers as well as management and boards of SOEs are made based on these observations at the end of the publication.
Also available in: Arabic
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Avenues for reform: Towards efficient state-owned enterprises in the MENA region
This last chapter of the book provides policy recommendations stemming from the foregoing analysis of the role and contribution of MENA SOEs to the economic and social development of the region. These policy recommendations are aimed at the ownership entities, state audit bodies, boards and management of SOEs. Suggestions are made to optimise the ownership efficiency, improve the contribution of SOEs to developmental objectives, manage SOEs’ impact on fiscal budgets, ensure that SOEs do not negatively affect the level-playing field, as well as address SOEs’ role as employers.
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