This chapter analyses disaster risk prevention and mitigation activities, including structural measures (such as dams and levees) and non-structural measures (such as land-use planning, building codes, population relocation, building public awareness of risks and early warning systems). These measures are considered in terms of their importance to achieve Mexico’s civil protection goal of reducing disaster damages over the long term. It examines underlying governance challenges to the effective implementation of key disaster risk reduction measures, and the need to base risk prevention policies upon accurate and regularly updated risk identification and risk assessment.