This chapter focuses on the role of internal control systems and the key functions of risk management and internal audit in strengthening integrity, transparency and enhancing good and accountable governance. The first part assesses the existing internal control and risk management processes, standards and institutional arrangements in comparison with leading international models and practices. The second part highlights the need to further clarify the roles and allocate responsibilities between the different internal control and audit actors across government and at the entity-wide level focusing on the consulting and assurance attributes of an independent internal audit function. Lastly, the third part emphasises how a sound internal control system can support effective integrity policies and actively contribute to preventing, detecting and responding to fraud and corruption schemes. The analysis supports recommendations that favour an optimal internal control and risk management environment working as a cornerstone and valuable ally to the Peruvian government s commitment to an ambitious and promising integrity and anti-corruption agenda.