This annex assesses the benefits and disadvantages of means testing social protection programmes. It also sets out the key considerations to guide the design of a new system. For this, it draws on data and information on unemployment assistance and employment-conditional benefits collected by the OECD for the OECD Indicators of Benefits and Wages, as well as evaluations of means-tested programme implementation conducted by OECD member countries. It also highlights sources of additional information and analysis. Transition issues (transition costs, how long it would take to move to this new approach, and the financial and other possible consequences of such a move) are not addressed, but would also need to be taken into account.