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This report presents an overview of the policies, legislation and institutions involved in MLA and extradition in corruption cases in the Initiative’s members. The study covers three main areas: the legal basis and preconditions for extradition and MLA; procedures and measures that facilitate international cooperation; and the mechanisms for recovering proceeds of corruption. The report is based primarily on independent research, information that members of the Initiative provided in writing to the Secretariat, and on the findings of the March 2006 technical seminar on Denying Safe Haven to the Corrupt and the Proceeds of Corruption and the November 2006 Steering Group meeting, during which the draft report was discussed and adopted. The final report of the thematic review, which will include both a cross-regional analysis and country-specific reports, is expected to be available by end 2007.
Over the past few years, most Asian jurisdictions have substantially revamped their laws, regulations and other corporate governance norms. However, enforcement remains a significant challenge and “an unfinished agenda”. This publication offers a unique snapshot of how corporate governance is being enforced in Asia. It provides policy makers, judges, investors, board members and stakeholders with cases studies and analysis that illustrate how regulators deal with enforcement in practice.
La mondialisation de l’économie et l’intensification de la concurrence intervilles qui s’ensuivit ont profondément changé la gouvernance des régions urbaines. Ceci est particulièrement clair dans le domaine de l’aménagement du territoire. Ce changement est souvent décrit comme l’évolution d’un mode de gouvernance managériale, dont le principal souci est de mettre concrètement les services publics à la disposition des citoyens, à celui de l’entrepreneurialisme. L’entrepreneurialisme se caractérise surtout par la prise de risque, l’innovation, par l’importance qu’il attache au secteur privé, ainsi que par des approches stratégiques favorisant la croissance économique. Cette étude fait le tour des problèmes que l’entrepreneurialisme urbain devra surmonter pour maintenir et renforcer sa légitimité en ce XXIe siècle. En effet, les responsables de la politique de la ville devront répondre à un éventail de plus en plus large de préoccupations sociales, environnementales et culturelles, en même temps qu’économiques.
As Asian markets are now increasingly integrated in the world economy their domestic insolvency systems need to meet the expectations of international investors and lenders. Many Asian jurisdictions are responding by reforming insolvency laws, introducing new procedures and strengthening institutions, but others are much less active. This conference proceedings includes papers showing how far various Asian countries have come in building effective and predictable insolvency systems and shows to what extent their systems provide confidence to investors and lenders.
The Indian Ocean tsunami that hit South and Southeast Asia in December 2004 was one of the worst natural calamities of recent times, the scale of the devastation to coastal communities across the region almost incomprehensible. As befits a disaster of such magnitude, the humanitarian response was massive. In the course of the relief operations, however, Asian governments and donors increasingly expressed the need for measures to prevent corruption amid widespread concern that significant amounts of tsunami aid may be being diverted to unscrupulous hands.
In response to growing concerns about corruption, the ADB-OECD Anti- Corruption Initiative for Asia-Pacific and Transparency International organized an experts meeting on corruption prevention in tsunami relief operations hosted by the Government of Indonesia. The meeting, which brought together the six worst-affected countries—India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Sri Lanka and Thailand—aimed to identify concrete priority measures to be taken by each stakeholder, including governments, donor agencies, civil society and private sector organizations involved in aid delivery and reconstruction work, to prevent and curb corruption in service delivery and procurement related to tsunami relief.
This publication synthesizes the meeting’s most important deliberations and conclusions, providing a useful resource for the wide range of individuals and organizations working to ensure equitable tsunami assistance. It assembles the issue papers and the conclusions and framework for action developed as a result of discussions and presentations by experts.
The harmful effects of corruption on social welfare, political stability and economic development are well known. Combating corruption has gained high priority throughout the world. In Asia and the Pacific, 23 countries have in the framework of the ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific endorsed an Anti-Corruption Action Plan that guides reform efforts in their respective countries. While significant progress has been achieved under this regional instrument, the battle against corruption is far from being won.
To address this challenge and build capacity in a number of particularly crucial areas, the ADB/OECD Initiative's fourth regional anti-corruption conference has brought together more than 150 senior representatives of governments, the private sector, non-governmental organizations and the international development partner community in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in December 2003. The present publication offers an insight into the most recent national anti-corruption strategies of Asian and Pacific countries, as well as an overview of preventive and enforcement policies and practices developed in the region, with special focus on the management of conflict of interest, measures aimed at curbing corruption in public procurement, corporate ethics, whistleblower protection, forensic accounting and mutual legal assistance.
Prosecution of corruption is a particularly difficult endeavor and successes in this field still too rare. The detection rate is often low due to the lack of verifiable information that is received from public servants or other citizens. Particular difficulties arise when an investigation involves prominent politicians and wealthy businessmen, or when dealing with international bribery cases that require the assistance from foreign jurisdictions in order to collect evidence. Shortcomings that are at the root of these problems can be found at legislative level; in addition, many law enforcement agencies are technically not apt to deal with complex crimes such as corruption in an appropriate manner.
Considering the need for capacity building that countries of the Asian and Pacific region have expressed for capacity building in this reform area of the Action Plan, the ADB/OECD Initiative organized a master training seminar on Effective Prosecution of Corruption.
This document assembles the seminar’s background papers and case studies, and the experts’ and participants’ views on the key topics that formed the basis for discussion at the seminar. As such, the publication aims to make the expertise exchanged and acquired during the seminar accessible to a broader public and thus to contribute to the overall aim of combating corruption in the new millennium.
This book captures the legal and practical challenges of mutual legal assistance and extradition, as well as solutions for improvement, discussed during a March 2006 training seminar in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Experts from 26 Asia-Pacific countries and countries party to the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention attended this ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific seminar on “Enhancing Asia-Pacific Cooperation on Mutual Legal Assistance, Extradition, and the Recovery and Return of the Proceeds of Corruption”.
Corruption in public procurement has become a major issue in the Asia-Pacific region as elsewhere in the world. As a result of corruption, private mansions are being built instead of bridges; swimming pools are dug instead of irrigation systems; funds destined to run hospitals and buy medicines find their way into the pockets of corrupt officials; economic growth is held back; and public trust in government is undermined.
Governments in Asia and the Pacific have recognized the urgent need to fight corruption in public procurement. To identify risk-areas in their public procurement frameworks and to foster reform in this field, member governments of the ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific have reviewed the mechanisms and safeguards in place.Over the last decade, societies have come to realize the extent to which corruption and bribery have undermined their welfare and stability. Governments, the private sector, and civil society alike have consequently declared the fight against corruption to be of the highest priority.
Under which it proliferates. They know first hand that corruption jeopardizes security and economic growth, perpetuates poverty, and exacerbates social inequities. The knowledge has prompted the governments of more than half the world's population to commit to working together to fight corruption under the umbrella of the Asian Development Bank (ADB)/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific. Civil society and the business community have joined them in this commitment, and together, the 25 member countries of the ADB/OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific are taking action against corruption in Asia and the Pacific.
Le Grand-Duché de Luxembourg a engagé avec succès une profonde mutation de son économie en l’espace de quelques décennies, passant d’un tissu productif basé essentiellement sur la sidérurgie à une économie basée sur le secteur financier. Cette reconversion, plaçant le Grand-Duché en tête des pays de l’OCDE pour le revenu par habitant, a fait largement appel à une main-d’œuvre étrangère dans différents secteurs et tout particulièrement celui de la finance. 39,5% des habitants sont étrangers (taux le plus élevé parmi les pays membres) et plus de 130 000 étrangers franchissent quotidiennement la frontière pour travailler au Luxembourg. Ces flux augmentent régulièrement et cela pose de sérieux problèmes en termes d’infrastructures de transport, d’environnement et de logement, d’autant que le prix élevé des terrains, surtout dans la région capitale, induit également un développement du navettage des résidents. Comment mieux maîtriser ces flux pour assurer un développement durable de l’économie? Comment opérer ces mutations stratégiques en coopération avec les pays voisins dans le cadre de la « Grande-Région » en conjuguant l’intérêt national du Grand Duché avec les aspirations des régions voisines de trois autres pays ? Les stratégies ambitieuses mises en place par le Luxembourg, notamment par un développement significatif des transports en commun et de logements neufs, peuvent-elles répondre aux attentes sans un concours plus actif de ses partenaires ? Enfin, la réforme régionale peut-elle, par ses liens directs avec l’aménagement du territoire, contribuer à mieux équilibrer la répartition des activités ?
L’Examen territorial du Luxembourg s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un programme plus large d’examens territoriaux nationaux entrepris par le Comité des politiques de développement territorial de l’OCDE. L’objectif général de cette série est de formuler des recommandations d’action pratiques aux gouvernements nationaux. Les examens territoriaux nationaux les plus récents ont porté sur le Canada, la Corée, la Finlande, la France, la Hongrie, l’Italie, le Japon, le Mexique, la Norvège, la République tchèque et la Suisse.
The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are recommendations to international business for conduct in such areas as labour, environment, consumer protection and the fight against corruption. The recommendations are made by the adhering governments and, although not binding, governments are committed to promoting their observance. This Annual Report provides an account of the actions the 39 adhering governments have taken over the 12 months to June 2007 to enhance the contribution of the Guidelines to the improved functioning of the global economy. This edition of the annual report focuses on corporate responsibility in the financial sector.
In recent years Italy has moved towards greater devolution of regulatory powers at regional level, in a European context where this dimension becomes increasingly important. This review analyses first the institutional set-up for multi-level regulation, the specifics of power sharing between the State and the regions, as well as the horizontal and vertical co-ordination mechanisms in place in the country, before turning to the use of policy instruments and regulatory tools in four Italian regions: Veneto, Calabria, Campania and Tuscany.
Despite concern about the negative impacts of globalisation on the economies of OECD regions, notably the loss of manufacturing jobs and enterprise relocation, this report presents evidence that region-specific advantages – embedded in specialised firms, skilled labour and innovation capacity – remain a significant source of productivity gain for firms, even for the largest multinational enterprises. A new geography of production is emerging, based around both old and new regional hubs in OECD and non-OECD countries. National and regional governments in OECD countries are looking for ways to ensure that regions maintain a competitive edge in industries that generate wealth and jobs. This report looks at how different regions are responding to these challenges and the strategies they have adopted to support existing competitive advantages and to transform their assets to develop new competitive strengths.
Local development strategies represent an important response to the challenges of globalisation, while providing a mechanism for seizing the new opportunities that globalisation offers. Nearly two decades after the fall of the Berlin wall, this book evaluates progress made and identifies what needs to be done to speed up the drive towards prosperity in Central and Eastern Europe. It demonstrates that the success of local development strategies depends on the capacity of the government and its partners to accelerate change within the policy and governance aspects of economic and social development.