OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Discussion Papers

ISSN :
2070-8270 (en ligne)
DOI :
10.1787/20708270
Cacher / Voir l'abstract
The International Transport Forum at the OECD is an intergovernmental organisation with 52 member countries. It acts as a strategic think tank for transport policy and organizes an annual summit of ministers. Our work is underpinned by economic research, statistics collection and policy analysis, often undertaken in collaboration with many of the world's leading research figures in academia, business and government. This series of Discussion Papers is intended to disseminate the International Transport Forum’s research findings rapidly among specialists in the field concerned.
 

Transport Infrastructure Inside and Across Urban Regions

Models and Assessment Methods You or your institution have access to this content

Auteur(s):
Börje Johansson1
Author Affiliations
  • 1: Institut Royal de Technologie, Suède

Date de publication
01 déc 2007
Bibliographic information
No:
2007/12
Pages
35
DOI
10.1787/234705655722

Cacher / Voir l'abstract

Infrastructure investment represents large capital values, whereas the benefits and other consequences are extended into the future. This makes methods to assess investment plans an important issue. This paper develops a framework in which infrastructure networks are interpreted as determinants of the spatial organisation of an economy, while the very same organisation is assumed to influence the growth of functional urban regions (FUR) and thereby the entire economy. The suggested framework is formulated so as to facilitate the modeling of agglomeration economies, and hence to separate intra-regional and interregional transport flows. A basic argument is that transport networks should preferably be described by their (physical) attributes, and several accessibility measures are presented as tools in this effort. This type of accessibility measures combine information about time distances between nodes in a FUR and the corresponding location pattern. The attempts to estimate aggregate production functions and associated dual forms is assessed in view of the so-called new growth theory are discussed, and it is concluded that this approach has been more successful when cross-regional data are employed in combination with infrastructure measures that reflect attributes. The discussion of macro approaches is followed by a detailed presentation of how accessibility measures can depict the spatial organisation of FURs and the urban areas inside a FUR. Such measures are candidates as explanatory variables in macro models, although the presentation concentrates on applications in commuting models, and sector growth models. In particular, the paper presents a model in which an individual urban area’s accessibility to labour supply interact with the same area’s accessibility to jobs, in the context of a FUR. Empirical results from Sweden are used to illustrate how the spatial organisation and its change is influenced by the inter-urban networks of urban areas in a FUR. It is also argued that the model is capable of depicting essential aspects of recent contributions to the economics of agglomeration.