OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2010
In the search for a rapid, sustainable and lasting recovery from the economic crisis, science, technology and innovation are expected to play a driving role. But what are the implications for science and innovation policy? What steps are countries taking to boost their capabilities in these areas? What place are emerging economies likely to occupy in the science, technology and innovation landscape?
The OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2010 reviews key trends in science, technology and innovation in OECD countries and a number of major emerging economies including Brazil, China, India, Russia and South Africa. Using the latest available data and indicators, it examines topics high on the agenda of economic policy makers, including performance in science and innovation, trends in national science, technology and innovation policies and the design and assessment of innovation policy, including policy interactions and the “policy mix”. It provides individual profiles of the science and innovation performance of each country and relates these to their national context and current policy challenges.
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Switzerland
Switzerland’s economy enjoys stable economic growth and low unemployment. It has a highly skilled labour force and its per capita GDP is among the highest in the world. Its gross expenditure on R&D (GERD) was 3% of GDP in 2008. Industry financed 68% of GERD, while the government funded 23%. The main beneficiaries were small and medium-sized firms, which received more than 40% of government R&D funding. The business enterprise sector performed 74% of GERD and the higher education sector 24%. In 2008, Switzerland’s business expenditure on R&D (BERD) was 2.2% of GDP, the fifth highest in the OECD, and venture capital intensity increased to 0.13% of GDP.