OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2010
In the search for a rapid, sustainable and lasting recovery from the economic crisis, science, technology and innovation are expected to play a driving role. But what are the implications for science and innovation policy? What steps are countries taking to boost their capabilities in these areas? What place are emerging economies likely to occupy in the science, technology and innovation landscape?
The OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2010 reviews key trends in science, technology and innovation in OECD countries and a number of major emerging economies including Brazil, China, India, Russia and South Africa. Using the latest available data and indicators, it examines topics high on the agenda of economic policy makers, including performance in science and innovation, trends in national science, technology and innovation policies and the design and assessment of innovation policy, including policy interactions and the “policy mix”. It provides individual profiles of the science and innovation performance of each country and relates these to their national context and current policy challenges.
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India
India’s diverse economy includes traditional village farming, modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries and a multitude of services. Slightly more than half of the workforce is employed in agriculture, but the services sector is the major source of economic growth, accounting for more than half of India’s GDP. India’s GDP grew on average by 7% a year in the decade to 2007, then eased in 2008 and slowed further to 5.6% in 2009. GDP per capita (in PPP terms) of USD 2 790 in 2008 was equivalent to just 6% of GDP in the United States. However, India is fast developing into a major global economy. Innovation can make a valuable contribution to India’s long-term challenges: building physical and social infrastructure, creating employment opportunities and improving basic and higher education.