Chemical Thermodynamics of Solid Solutions of Interest in Radioactive Waste Management, Volume 10
This volume provides a state-of-the-art report on the modelling of aqueous-solid solution systems by the combined use of chemical thermodynamics and experimental and computational techniques. These systems are ubiquitous in nature and therefore intrinsic to the understanding and quantification of radionuclide containment and retardation processes present in geological repositories of radioactive waste. Representative cases for study have been chosen from the radioactive waste literature to illustrate the application of the various approaches. This report has been prepared by a team of four leading experts in the field under the auspices of the OECD/NEA Thermochemical Database (TDB) Project.
PART II: Theory, experimental aspects and cases for study
Agence pour l'Energie Nucléaire
The complexity and richness of natural minerals and multicomponent ceramics (like UO2 spent nuclear fuel) arise not only from the large number of phases and crystal structures, but also from the variety of solid solutions, complex elemental substitutions, order-disorder relations, and exsolution phenomena one encounters. Indeed, a pure mineral of end-member composition is the exception rather than the rule. Elemental substitutions in minerals may be classified in terms of the crystallographic sites on which they occur and the formal charges of the chemical elements (ions) which participate.