This chapter examines the environmental performance of the agricultural sector, including impacts on soil, water and air. It reviews a range of policy measures that have been introduced by Slovakia to address agri-environmental issues since the transition to a market economy was initiated in the 1990s, including the removal of environmental harmful subsidies. The chapter also examines how adoption of the EU Common Agricultural Policy strengthened Slovakia’s environmental regulation of the agricultural sector, and provided incentives for agricultural activities to generate environmental benefits.