Austria has launched several initiatives related to green growth. This chapter examines Austria’s use of taxation policy to pursue environmental objectives and progress in removing fiscal incentives that can encourage environmentally harmful activities. It discusses public and private investment in environment-related services and infrastructure, as well as the use of subsidies to encourage environment-friendly investment. The growth of an internationally competitive environmental goods and services sector is examined along with its potential to serve as a source of economic growth and jobs. Finally, the chapter reviews Austria’s efforts to mainstream the environment in development co-operation programmes.